The effect of a novel ketone esters and ‘climate adaptation’ drink in people with type 2 diabetes

Anthropogenic warming is increasing the likelihood of extreme heat events. There is a growing realization that extreme heat can adversely affect individuals with metabolic diseases. Exposure to high temperatures strains cardiovascular physiology, and people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, alternative or additive strategies to improve the cardiovascular health of people with T2D are needed.

Numerous nutraceuticals claim to benefit cardiovascular health, but there is limited evidence supporting their effectiveness. Recently, we have shown that acute ingestion of ketone monoesters can improve cardiac output, stroke volume and peripheral muscle oxygenation in people with type 2 diabetes. However, the chronic effects of this supplement, as well as other potential supplements, remain unknown. It is also unclear if these supplements can alleviate the symptoms of heat stress. Our aim is to understand the physiological mechanisms by which ketones and other novel supplements can improve cardiovascular physiology and help prepare people for heat waves.