A JWST near- and mid-infrared nebular spectrum of the type Ia supernova 2021aefx

Lindsey A. Kwok; Saurabh W. Jha; Tea Temim; Ori D. Fox; Conor Larison; Yssavo Camacho-Neves; Max J. Brenner Newman; Justin D. R. Pierel; Ryan J. Foley; Jennifer E. Andrews; Carles Badenes; Barnabas Barna; K. Azalee Bostroem; Maxime Deckers; Andreas Flors; Peter Garnavich; Melissa L. Graham; Or Graur; Griffin Hosseinzadeh; D. Andrew Howell; John P. Hughes; Joel Johansson; Sarah Kendrew; Wolfgang E. Kerzendorf; Keiichi Maeda; Kate Maguire; Curtis McCully; John T. O'Brien; Armin Rest; David J. Sand; Melissa Shahbandeh; Louis-Gregory Strolger; Tamas Szalai; Chris Ashall; E. Baron; Chris R. Burns; James M. DerKacy; Tyco Mera Evans; Alec Fisher; Lluis Galbany; Peter Hoeflich; Eric Hsiao; Thomas de Jaeger; Emir Karamehmetoglu; Kevin Krisciunas; Sahana Kumar; Jing Lu; Justyn Maund; Paolo A. Mazzali; Kyle Medler; Nidia Morrell; Mark M. Phillips; Benjamin J. Shappee; Maximilian Stritzinger; Nicholas Suntzeff; Charles Telesco; Michael Tucker; Lifan Wang

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acb4ec

A JWST near- and mid-infrared nebular spectrum of the type Ia supernova 2021aefx

Lindsey A. Kwok, Saurabh W. Jha, Tea Temim, Ori D. Fox, Conor Larison, Yssavo Camacho-Neves, Max J. Brenner Newman, Justin D. R. Pierel, Ryan J. Foley, Jennifer E. Andrews, Carles Badenes, Barnabas Barna, K. Azalee Bostroem, Maxime Deckers, Andreas Flors, Peter Garnavich, Melissa L. Graham, Or Graur, Griffin Hosseinzadeh, D. Andrew HowellJohn P. Hughes, Joel Johansson, Sarah Kendrew, Wolfgang E. Kerzendorf, Keiichi Maeda, Kate Maguire, Curtis McCully, John T. O'Brien, Armin Rest, David J. Sand, Melissa Shahbandeh, Louis-Gregory Strolger, Tamas Szalai, Chris Ashall, E. Baron, Chris R. Burns, James M. DerKacy, Tyco Mera Evans, Alec Fisher, Lluis Galbany, Peter Hoeflich, Eric Hsiao, Thomas de Jaeger, Emir Karamehmetoglu, Kevin Krisciunas, Sahana Kumar, Jing Lu, Justyn Maund, Paolo A. Mazzali, Kyle Medler, Nidia Morrell, Mark M. Phillips, Benjamin J. Shappee, Maximilian Stritzinger, Nicholas Suntzeff, Charles Telesco, Michael Tucker, Lifan Wang

Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation

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Abstract

We present JWST near- and mid-infrared spectroscopic observations of the nearby normal Type Ia supernova SN 2021aefx in the nebular phase at +255 days past maximum light. Our Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) and Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) observations, combined with ground-based optical data from the South African Large Telescope (SALT), constitute the first complete optical + NIR + MIR nebular SN Ia spectrum covering 0.3-14 micron. This spectrum unveils the previously unobserved 2.5-5 micron region, revealing strong nebular iron and stable nickel emission, indicative of high-density burning that can constrain the progenitor mass. The data show a significant improvement in sensitivity and resolution compared to previous Spitzer MIR data. We identify numerous NIR and MIR nebular emission lines from iron-group elements and as well as lines from the intermediate-mass element argon. The argon lines extend to higher velocities than the iron-group elements, suggesting stratified ejecta that are a hallmark of delayed-detonation or double-detonation SN Ia models. We present fits to simple geometric line profiles to features beyond 1.2 micron and find that most lines are consistent with Gaussian or spherical emission distributions, while the [Ar III] 8.99 micron line has a distinctively flat-topped profile indicating a thick spherical shell of emission. Using our line profile fits, we investigate the emissivity structure of SN 2021aefx and measure kinematic properties. Continued observations of SN 2021aefx and other SNe Ia with JWST will be transformative to the study of SN Ia composition, ionization structure, density, and temperature, and will provide important constraints on SN Ia progenitor and explosion models.

Original language	English
Article number	L3
Number of pages	15
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	944
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb4ec
Publication status	Published - 8 Feb 2023

Keywords

astro-ph.HE
astro-ph.SR

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10.3847/2041-8213/acb4ec

A JWST near- and mid-infrared nebular spectrum of the Type Ia Supernova 2021aefxFinal published version, 2.9 MBLicence: CC BY

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Kwok, L. A., Jha, S. W., Temim, T., Fox, O. D., Larison, C., Camacho-Neves, Y., Newman, M. J. B., Pierel, J. D. R., Foley, R. J., Andrews, J. E., Badenes, C., Barna, B., Bostroem, K. A., Deckers, M., Flors, A., Garnavich, P., Graham, M. L., Graur, O., Hosseinzadeh, G., ... Wang, L. (2023). A JWST near- and mid-infrared nebular spectrum of the type Ia supernova 2021aefx. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 944, Article L3. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb4ec

@article{054dac1eedfc4e0baf83137a841d3cfb,

title = "A JWST near- and mid-infrared nebular spectrum of the type Ia supernova 2021aefx",

abstract = "We present JWST near- and mid-infrared spectroscopic observations of the nearby normal Type Ia supernova SN 2021aefx in the nebular phase at +255 days past maximum light. Our Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) and Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) observations, combined with ground-based optical data from the South African Large Telescope (SALT), constitute the first complete optical + NIR + MIR nebular SN Ia spectrum covering 0.3-14 micron. This spectrum unveils the previously unobserved 2.5-5 micron region, revealing strong nebular iron and stable nickel emission, indicative of high-density burning that can constrain the progenitor mass. The data show a significant improvement in sensitivity and resolution compared to previous Spitzer MIR data. We identify numerous NIR and MIR nebular emission lines from iron-group elements and as well as lines from the intermediate-mass element argon. The argon lines extend to higher velocities than the iron-group elements, suggesting stratified ejecta that are a hallmark of delayed-detonation or double-detonation SN Ia models. We present fits to simple geometric line profiles to features beyond 1.2 micron and find that most lines are consistent with Gaussian or spherical emission distributions, while the [Ar III] 8.99 micron line has a distinctively flat-topped profile indicating a thick spherical shell of emission. Using our line profile fits, we investigate the emissivity structure of SN 2021aefx and measure kinematic properties. Continued observations of SN 2021aefx and other SNe Ia with JWST will be transformative to the study of SN Ia composition, ionization structure, density, and temperature, and will provide important constraints on SN Ia progenitor and explosion models. ",

keywords = "astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.SR",

author = "Kwok, {Lindsey A.} and Jha, {Saurabh W.} and Tea Temim and Fox, {Ori D.} and Conor Larison and Yssavo Camacho-Neves and Newman, {Max J. Brenner} and Pierel, {Justin D. R.} and Foley, {Ryan J.} and Andrews, {Jennifer E.} and Carles Badenes and Barnabas Barna and Bostroem, {K. Azalee} and Maxime Deckers and Andreas Flors and Peter Garnavich and Graham, {Melissa L.} and Or Graur and Griffin Hosseinzadeh and Howell, {D. Andrew} and Hughes, {John P.} and Joel Johansson and Sarah Kendrew and Kerzendorf, {Wolfgang E.} and Keiichi Maeda and Kate Maguire and Curtis McCully and O'Brien, {John T.} and Armin Rest and Sand, {David J.} and Melissa Shahbandeh and Louis-Gregory Strolger and Tamas Szalai and Chris Ashall and E. Baron and Burns, {Chris R.} and DerKacy, {James M.} and Evans, {Tyco Mera} and Alec Fisher and Lluis Galbany and Peter Hoeflich and Eric Hsiao and Jaeger, {Thomas de} and Emir Karamehmetoglu and Kevin Krisciunas and Sahana Kumar and Jing Lu and Justyn Maund and Mazzali, {Paolo A.} and Kyle Medler and Nidia Morrell and Phillips, {Mark M.} and Shappee, {Benjamin J.} and Maximilian Stritzinger and Nicholas Suntzeff and Charles Telesco and Michael Tucker and Lifan Wang",

note = "submitted to ApJ Letters, 16 pages, 12 figures",

year = "2023",

month = feb,

day = "8",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/acb4ec",

language = "English",

volume = "944",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

publisher = "IOP Publishing",

}

Kwok, LA, Jha, SW, Temim, T, Fox, OD, Larison, C, Camacho-Neves, Y, Newman, MJB, Pierel, JDR, Foley, RJ, Andrews, JE, Badenes, C, Barna, B, Bostroem, KA, Deckers, M, Flors, A, Garnavich, P, Graham, ML, Graur, O, Hosseinzadeh, G, Howell, DA, Hughes, JP, Johansson, J, Kendrew, S, Kerzendorf, WE, Maeda, K, Maguire, K, McCully, C, O'Brien, JT, Rest, A, Sand, DJ, Shahbandeh, M, Strolger, L-G, Szalai, T, Ashall, C, Baron, E, Burns, CR, DerKacy, JM, Evans, TM, Fisher, A, Galbany, L, Hoeflich, P, Hsiao, E, Jaeger, TD, Karamehmetoglu, E, Krisciunas, K, Kumar, S, Lu, J, Maund, J, Mazzali, PA, Medler, K, Morrell, N, Phillips, MM, Shappee, BJ, Stritzinger, M, Suntzeff, N, Telesco, C, Tucker, M & Wang, L 2023, 'A JWST near- and mid-infrared nebular spectrum of the type Ia supernova 2021aefx', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 944, L3. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb4ec

TY - JOUR

T1 - A JWST near- and mid-infrared nebular spectrum of the type Ia supernova 2021aefx

AU - Kwok, Lindsey A.

AU - Jha, Saurabh W.

AU - Temim, Tea

AU - Fox, Ori D.

AU - Larison, Conor

AU - Camacho-Neves, Yssavo

AU - Newman, Max J. Brenner

AU - Pierel, Justin D. R.

AU - Foley, Ryan J.

AU - Andrews, Jennifer E.

AU - Badenes, Carles

AU - Barna, Barnabas

AU - Bostroem, K. Azalee

AU - Deckers, Maxime

AU - Flors, Andreas

AU - Garnavich, Peter

AU - Graham, Melissa L.

AU - Graur, Or

AU - Hosseinzadeh, Griffin

AU - Howell, D. Andrew

AU - Hughes, John P.

AU - Johansson, Joel

AU - Kendrew, Sarah

AU - Kerzendorf, Wolfgang E.

AU - Maeda, Keiichi

AU - Maguire, Kate

AU - McCully, Curtis

AU - O'Brien, John T.

AU - Rest, Armin

AU - Sand, David J.

AU - Shahbandeh, Melissa

AU - Strolger, Louis-Gregory

AU - Szalai, Tamas

AU - Ashall, Chris

AU - Baron, E.

AU - Burns, Chris R.

AU - DerKacy, James M.

AU - Evans, Tyco Mera

AU - Fisher, Alec

AU - Galbany, Lluis

AU - Hoeflich, Peter

AU - Hsiao, Eric

AU - Jaeger, Thomas de

AU - Karamehmetoglu, Emir

AU - Krisciunas, Kevin

AU - Kumar, Sahana

AU - Lu, Jing

AU - Maund, Justyn

AU - Mazzali, Paolo A.

AU - Medler, Kyle

AU - Morrell, Nidia

AU - Phillips, Mark M.

AU - Shappee, Benjamin J.

AU - Stritzinger, Maximilian

AU - Suntzeff, Nicholas

AU - Telesco, Charles

AU - Tucker, Michael

AU - Wang, Lifan

N1 - submitted to ApJ Letters, 16 pages, 12 figures

PY - 2023/2/8

Y1 - 2023/2/8

N2 - We present JWST near- and mid-infrared spectroscopic observations of the nearby normal Type Ia supernova SN 2021aefx in the nebular phase at +255 days past maximum light. Our Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) and Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) observations, combined with ground-based optical data from the South African Large Telescope (SALT), constitute the first complete optical + NIR + MIR nebular SN Ia spectrum covering 0.3-14 micron. This spectrum unveils the previously unobserved 2.5-5 micron region, revealing strong nebular iron and stable nickel emission, indicative of high-density burning that can constrain the progenitor mass. The data show a significant improvement in sensitivity and resolution compared to previous Spitzer MIR data. We identify numerous NIR and MIR nebular emission lines from iron-group elements and as well as lines from the intermediate-mass element argon. The argon lines extend to higher velocities than the iron-group elements, suggesting stratified ejecta that are a hallmark of delayed-detonation or double-detonation SN Ia models. We present fits to simple geometric line profiles to features beyond 1.2 micron and find that most lines are consistent with Gaussian or spherical emission distributions, while the [Ar III] 8.99 micron line has a distinctively flat-topped profile indicating a thick spherical shell of emission. Using our line profile fits, we investigate the emissivity structure of SN 2021aefx and measure kinematic properties. Continued observations of SN 2021aefx and other SNe Ia with JWST will be transformative to the study of SN Ia composition, ionization structure, density, and temperature, and will provide important constraints on SN Ia progenitor and explosion models.

AB - We present JWST near- and mid-infrared spectroscopic observations of the nearby normal Type Ia supernova SN 2021aefx in the nebular phase at +255 days past maximum light. Our Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) and Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) observations, combined with ground-based optical data from the South African Large Telescope (SALT), constitute the first complete optical + NIR + MIR nebular SN Ia spectrum covering 0.3-14 micron. This spectrum unveils the previously unobserved 2.5-5 micron region, revealing strong nebular iron and stable nickel emission, indicative of high-density burning that can constrain the progenitor mass. The data show a significant improvement in sensitivity and resolution compared to previous Spitzer MIR data. We identify numerous NIR and MIR nebular emission lines from iron-group elements and as well as lines from the intermediate-mass element argon. The argon lines extend to higher velocities than the iron-group elements, suggesting stratified ejecta that are a hallmark of delayed-detonation or double-detonation SN Ia models. We present fits to simple geometric line profiles to features beyond 1.2 micron and find that most lines are consistent with Gaussian or spherical emission distributions, while the [Ar III] 8.99 micron line has a distinctively flat-topped profile indicating a thick spherical shell of emission. Using our line profile fits, we investigate the emissivity structure of SN 2021aefx and measure kinematic properties. Continued observations of SN 2021aefx and other SNe Ia with JWST will be transformative to the study of SN Ia composition, ionization structure, density, and temperature, and will provide important constraints on SN Ia progenitor and explosion models.

KW - astro-ph.HE

KW - astro-ph.SR

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/acb4ec

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/acb4ec

M3 - Article

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 944

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

M1 - L3

ER -

A JWST near- and mid-infrared nebular spectrum of the type Ia supernova 2021aefx

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