A review on achieving sustainability in the petroleum industry through the integration of lean and green

The petroleum industry has been a key driver in the development of the world economy yet continues to attract increasing criticism due to its negative environmental impact via greenhouse gas emissions, resource inefficiency, and waste. Integrating lean and green practices is fast becoming a transformative approach to tackling these issues as it integrates process optimization with sustainability principles. This review paper examined the existing literature on lean and green integration, highlighting its benefits, models, critical success factors, and a roadmap for its implementation. Also, it identified sustainability challenges and offered strategic solutions. The findings showed that integrating lean and green offers potential for both process optimization and waste and carbon footprint reduction, particularly for the petroleum industry in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This can be achieved by using appropriate tools and models. Sustainable value stream mapping (Sus-VSM) is a strategic tool that highlights the importance of sustainability metrics. These sustainability metrics address the implementation challenges of the convectional value stream mapping tool (VSM). This paper is one of the few initiatives to promote lean–green integration within the petroleum industry.