Aiding the performance of older eyewitnesses: enhanced non-biased line-up instructions and line-up presentation

The study examined possible methods for improving the performance of older eyewitnesses on identification line-ups. Young and old adults viewed a simulated crime event involving a young and old perpetrator, and were subsequently asked to identify these two perpetrators from line-ups that were either target present (TP) or target absent (TA). Research conducted by the present authors indicates that older adults have significant problems with remembering instructions informing them that the perpetrator may or may not be present in the line-up and this may contribute to the age deficit in line-up performance. Therefore, in the present study, prior to the line-ups, half the participants received enhanced non-biased line-up instructions. Furthermore, the performance age deficit demonstrated by older adults in previous relevant studies is largely characterised by an increase in false identifications. The sequential line-up is known to reduce false identifications. Therefore, half the participants viewed line-ups that were presented sequentially and half viewed line-ups that were presented simultaneously. Older participants were found overall to demonstrate poorer line-up performance compared to younger participants. Though enhanced line-up instructions led to significantly better memory concerning the possibility the perpetrator may or may not be present in the line-up, they had no significant effect on line-up performance. Line-up presentation (sequential vs. simultaneous) had differential effects across conditions, with sequential presentation not always being beneficial.