Amphiphilic Perylene-Calix[4]arene hybrids: synthesis and tunable self-assembly

Fabian Rodler, Boris Schade, Christof M. Jaeger, Susanne Backes, Frank Hampel, Christoph Boettcher, Timothy Clark, Andreas Hirsch

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    Abstract

    The first highly water-soluble perylene–calix[4]arene hybrid with the calixarene scaffold acting as a structure-determining central platform is presented. In this tetrahedrally shaped amphiphilic architecture the hydrophilic and hydrophobic subunits are oriented at the opposite side of the calixarene platform. The hydrophobic part contains the two perylene diimide moieties, which enable strong π–π interactions in self-assembly processes. Two hydrophilic Newkome-type dendrons provide sufficient water solubility at slightly basic conditions. The tetrahedrally shaped amphiphile displays an unprecedented aggregation behavior down to concentrations as low as 10–7 mol L–1. The intriguing self-assembly process of the compound in water as well as under changed polarity conditions, achieved by addition of THF, could be monitored by the complemented use of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), UV–vis spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Molecular-dynamics and molecular modeling simulations helped in understanding the interplay of supramolecular and optical behavior.
    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)3308-3317
    JournalJournal of the American Chemical Society
    Volume137
    Issue number9
    Early online date19 Feb 2015
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 11 Mar 2015

    Keywords

    • self-assembly

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