TY - JOUR
T1 - Anaerobic bacterial degradation of protein and lipid macromolecules in subarctic marine sediment
AU - Pelikan, Claus
AU - Wasmund, Kenneth
AU - Glombitza, Clemens
AU - Hausmann, Bela
AU - Herbold, Craig W.
AU - Flieder, Mathias
AU - Loy, Alexander
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the crew of the R/V Sanna 2013 summer sampling campaign, which was funded by the Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, and Kasper Kjeldsen, Hans Røy, and Marit-Solveig Seidenkranz for providing the sediment samples. We thank captain (Stig Henningsen) and first mate of MS Farm for their assistance during sampling of Svalbard sediments in 2017, as well as the Kings Bay Marine Laboratory and the AWIPEV Arctic Research Base in Ny-Ålesund for assistance and laboratory space. Furthermore, the authors want to thank Carmen Czepe from the Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities Next Generation Sequencing facility for sequencing of metagenomic libraries on the Illumina Hiseq2500 instrument. This work was financially supported by the Austrian Science Fund (P29426-B29 to KW; P25111-B22 to AL).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
PY - 2021/3/1
Y1 - 2021/3/1
N2 - Microorganisms in marine sediments play major roles in marine biogeochemical cycles by mineralizing substantial quantities of organic matter from decaying cells. Proteins and lipids are abundant components of necromass, yet the taxonomic identities of microorganisms that actively degrade them remain poorly resolved. Here, we revealed identities, trophic interactions, and genomic features of bacteria that degraded 13C-labeled proteins and lipids in cold anoxic microcosms containing sulfidic subarctic marine sediment. Supplemented proteins and lipids were rapidly fermented to various volatile fatty acids within 5 days. DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) suggested Psychrilyobacter atlanticus was an important primary degrader of proteins, and Psychromonas members were important primary degraders of both proteins and lipids. Closely related Psychromonas populations, as represented by distinct 16S rRNA gene variants, differentially utilized either proteins or lipids. DNA-SIP also showed 13C-labeling of various Deltaproteobacteria within 10 days, indicating trophic transfer of carbon to putative sulfate-reducers. Metagenome-assembled genomes revealed the primary hydrolyzers encoded secreted peptidases or lipases, and enzymes for catabolism of protein or lipid degradation products. Psychromonas species are prevalent in diverse marine sediments, suggesting they are important players in organic carbon processing in situ. Together, this study provides new insights into the identities, functions, and genomes of bacteria that actively degrade abundant necromass macromolecules in the seafloor.
AB - Microorganisms in marine sediments play major roles in marine biogeochemical cycles by mineralizing substantial quantities of organic matter from decaying cells. Proteins and lipids are abundant components of necromass, yet the taxonomic identities of microorganisms that actively degrade them remain poorly resolved. Here, we revealed identities, trophic interactions, and genomic features of bacteria that degraded 13C-labeled proteins and lipids in cold anoxic microcosms containing sulfidic subarctic marine sediment. Supplemented proteins and lipids were rapidly fermented to various volatile fatty acids within 5 days. DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) suggested Psychrilyobacter atlanticus was an important primary degrader of proteins, and Psychromonas members were important primary degraders of both proteins and lipids. Closely related Psychromonas populations, as represented by distinct 16S rRNA gene variants, differentially utilized either proteins or lipids. DNA-SIP also showed 13C-labeling of various Deltaproteobacteria within 10 days, indicating trophic transfer of carbon to putative sulfate-reducers. Metagenome-assembled genomes revealed the primary hydrolyzers encoded secreted peptidases or lipases, and enzymes for catabolism of protein or lipid degradation products. Psychromonas species are prevalent in diverse marine sediments, suggesting they are important players in organic carbon processing in situ. Together, this study provides new insights into the identities, functions, and genomes of bacteria that actively degrade abundant necromass macromolecules in the seafloor.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85096238074&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41396-020-00817-6
DO - 10.1038/s41396-020-00817-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 33208892
AN - SCOPUS:85096238074
SN - 1751-7362
VL - 15
SP - 833
EP - 847
JO - ISME Journal
JF - ISME Journal
IS - 3
ER -