Analysis of local recurrence after robotic-assisted total mesorectal excision (ALRITE): an international, multicentre retrospective cohort

Background/Objectives: Rectal cancer is a major global health issue with high morbidity and mortality rates. Local recurrence (LR) significantly impacts patient outcomes, de-creasing survival rates and often necessitating extensive secondary treatments. While robot-assisted total mesorectal excision (R-TME) is becoming a preferred method for rectal cancer surgery due to improved precision and visualisation, long-term data on LR and predictors of recurrence remain limited. This study aims to determine the 3-year LR rate following R-TME and identify predictors of recurrence to enhance patient selection and treatment personalisation.

Methods: This retrospective international multicentre cohort study included 1039 consecutive rectal cancer patients who underwent R-TME be-tween 2013 and 2020, with a minimum of 3 years of follow-up. Data from tertiary colorectal centres in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Spain, France, Italy, and Belgium were analysed. Potential predictors of LR were identified using backward elimination, and four machine learning models were evaluated for predicting LR.

Results: The 3-year LR rate was 3.8%. Significant predictors of LR included advanced clinical M-staging, length of hospital stay, postoperative ileus, postoperative complications, pathological N-staging, completeness of resection, and resection margin distance. The Extreme Gradient Boosting model performed best for LR prediction, with a final accuracy of 77.1% and an AUC of 0.76.

Conclusions: R-TME in high-volume centres achieves low 3-year LR rates, suggesting that robot-assisted surgery offers oncologic safety and advantages in rectal cancer management. The study underscores the importance of surgical precision, patient selection, and standardised perioperative care, supporting further investment in robotic training to improve long-term patient outcomes.