Changes in immunolocalisation of β-dystroglycan and specific degradative enzymes in the osteoarthritic synovium

Objective: To investigate the immunolocalisation of β-dystroglycan (β-DG) and specific matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-3, -9, -13 and a disintegrin like and metalloproteinase thrombospondin type 1 motif 4 (ADAMTS-4) within the joint tissues of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and unaffected controls. Design: Cartilage, synovium and synovial fluid were obtained from the hip joints of five osteoarthritic (patients undergoing total hip replacement) and five control hip joints (patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture). The samples were analysed for β-DG protein using Western blot technique and by immunohistochemistry for tissue distribution of β-DG, MMP-3, -9, -13, and ADAMTS-4. Results: β-DG was detected in the smooth muscle of both normal and osteoarthritic synovial blood vessels. Importantly, β-DG was detected in endothelium of blood vessels of OA synovium, but not in the control endothelium. In the endothelium of osteoarthritic synovial blood vessels, β-DG co-localised with MMP-3 and -9. MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4 showed no endothelial staining, and only weak staining of the vascular smooth muscle was found. In contrast, we did not detect β-DG protein in cartilage or synovial fluid. Conclusions: β-DG has been shown to have a role in angiogenesis, and our results demonstrate for the first time that there are clear differences in β-DG staining between OA and control synovial blood vessels. The specific immunolocalisation of β-DG within endothelium of inflamed OA blood vessels and its co-localisation with MMP-3 and -9, reported to have pro-angiogenic roles and believed to be involved in β-DG cleavage, may also suggest that β-DG plays a role in angiogenesis accompanying OA.