Compact binary coalescence sensitivity estimates with injection campaigns during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaborations’ fourth observing run

Reed Essick; Michael W. Coughlin; Michael Zevin; Deep Chatterjee; Teagan A. Clarke; Storm Colloms; Utkarsh Mali; Simona Miller; Nathan Steinle; Pratyusava Baral; Amanda C. Baylor; Gareth Cabourn Davies; Thomas Dent; Prathamesh Joshi; Praveen Kumar; Cody Messick; Tanmaya Mishra; Amazigh Ouzriat; Khun Sang Phukon; Lorenzo Piccari; Marion Pillas; Max Trevor; Thomas A. Callister; Maya Fishbach

doi:10.1103/44x3-hv3y

Compact binary coalescence sensitivity estimates with injection campaigns during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaborations’ fourth observing run

Reed Essick^*
, Michael W. Coughlin
, Michael Zevin
, Deep Chatterjee
, Teagan A. Clarke
, Storm Colloms
, Utkarsh Mali
, Simona Miller
, Nathan Steinle
, Pratyusava Baral
, Amanda C. Baylor
, Gareth Cabourn Davies
, Thomas Dent
, Prathamesh Joshi
, Praveen Kumar
, Cody Messick
, Tanmaya Mishra
, Amazigh Ouzriat
, Khun Sang Phukon
, Lorenzo Piccari

Marion Pillas, Max Trevor, Thomas A. Callister, Maya Fishbach

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

We describe the effort to characterize gravitational-wave searches and detector sensitivity to different types of compact binary coalescences during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaborations’ fourth observing run. We discuss the design requirements and example use cases for this data product, constructed from >4.33 × 10⁸ injections during O4a alone. We also identify subtle effects with high confidence, like diurnal duty cycles within detectors. This paper accompanies a public data release of the curated injection set, and the Appendixes give detailed examples of how to use the publicly available data.

Original language	English
Article number	102001
Number of pages	26
Journal	Physical Review D
Volume	112
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/44x3-hv3y
Publication status	Published - 4 Nov 2025

Keywords

UKRI
STFC
ST/V005715/1
ST/ V005677/1

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10.1103/44x3-hv3y

Compact binary coalescence sensitivity estimates with injection campaignsAccepted author manuscript (Post-print), 3.79 MBLicence: CC BY

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Essick, R., Coughlin, M. W., Zevin, M., Chatterjee, D., Clarke, T. A., Colloms, S., Mali, U., Miller, S., Steinle, N., Baral, P., Baylor, A. C., Davies, G. C., Dent, T., Joshi, P., Kumar, P., Messick, C., Mishra, T., Ouzriat, A., Phukon, K. S., ... Fishbach, M. (2025). Compact binary coalescence sensitivity estimates with injection campaigns during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaborations’ fourth observing run. Physical Review D, 112(10), Article 102001. https://doi.org/10.1103/44x3-hv3y

@article{5066714de79040c2a156884f7bc731ac,

title = "Compact binary coalescence sensitivity estimates with injection campaigns during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaborations{\textquoteright} fourth observing run",

abstract = "We describe the effort to characterize gravitational-wave searches and detector sensitivity to different types of compact binary coalescences during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaborations{\textquoteright} fourth observing run. We discuss the design requirements and example use cases for this data product, constructed from >4.33 × 108 injections during O4a alone. We also identify subtle effects with high confidence, like diurnal duty cycles within detectors. This paper accompanies a public data release of the curated injection set, and the Appendixes give detailed examples of how to use the publicly available data.",

keywords = "UKRI, STFC, ST/V005715/1, ST/ V005677/1",

author = "Reed Essick and Coughlin, \{Michael W.\} and Michael Zevin and Deep Chatterjee and Clarke, \{Teagan A.\} and Storm Colloms and Utkarsh Mali and Simona Miller and Nathan Steinle and Pratyusava Baral and Baylor, \{Amanda C.\} and Davies, \{Gareth Cabourn\} and Thomas Dent and Prathamesh Joshi and Praveen Kumar and Cody Messick and Tanmaya Mishra and Amazigh Ouzriat and Phukon, \{Khun Sang\} and Lorenzo Piccari and Marion Pillas and Max Trevor and Callister, \{Thomas A.\} and Maya Fishbach",

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month = nov,

day = "4",

doi = "10.1103/44x3-hv3y",

language = "English",

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Essick, R, Coughlin, MW, Zevin, M, Chatterjee, D, Clarke, TA, Colloms, S, Mali, U, Miller, S, Steinle, N, Baral, P, Baylor, AC, Davies, GC, Dent, T, Joshi, P, Kumar, P, Messick, C, Mishra, T, Ouzriat, A, Phukon, KS, Piccari, L, Pillas, M, Trevor, M, Callister, TA & Fishbach, M 2025, 'Compact binary coalescence sensitivity estimates with injection campaigns during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaborations’ fourth observing run', Physical Review D, vol. 112, no. 10, 102001. https://doi.org/10.1103/44x3-hv3y

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T1 - Compact binary coalescence sensitivity estimates with injection campaigns during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaborations’ fourth observing run

AU - Essick, Reed

AU - Coughlin, Michael W.

AU - Zevin, Michael

AU - Chatterjee, Deep

AU - Clarke, Teagan A.

AU - Colloms, Storm

AU - Mali, Utkarsh

AU - Miller, Simona

AU - Steinle, Nathan

AU - Baral, Pratyusava

AU - Baylor, Amanda C.

AU - Davies, Gareth Cabourn

AU - Dent, Thomas

AU - Joshi, Prathamesh

AU - Kumar, Praveen

AU - Messick, Cody

AU - Mishra, Tanmaya

AU - Ouzriat, Amazigh

AU - Phukon, Khun Sang

AU - Piccari, Lorenzo

AU - Pillas, Marion

AU - Trevor, Max

AU - Callister, Thomas A.

AU - Fishbach, Maya

PY - 2025/11/4

Y1 - 2025/11/4

N2 - We describe the effort to characterize gravitational-wave searches and detector sensitivity to different types of compact binary coalescences during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaborations’ fourth observing run. We discuss the design requirements and example use cases for this data product, constructed from >4.33 × 108 injections during O4a alone. We also identify subtle effects with high confidence, like diurnal duty cycles within detectors. This paper accompanies a public data release of the curated injection set, and the Appendixes give detailed examples of how to use the publicly available data.

AB - We describe the effort to characterize gravitational-wave searches and detector sensitivity to different types of compact binary coalescences during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaborations’ fourth observing run. We discuss the design requirements and example use cases for this data product, constructed from >4.33 × 108 injections during O4a alone. We also identify subtle effects with high confidence, like diurnal duty cycles within detectors. This paper accompanies a public data release of the curated injection set, and the Appendixes give detailed examples of how to use the publicly available data.

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KW - STFC

KW - ST/V005715/1

KW - ST/ V005677/1

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VL - 112

JO - Physical Review D

JF - Physical Review D

IS - 10

M1 - 102001

ER -

Compact binary coalescence sensitivity estimates with injection campaigns during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaborations’ fourth observing run

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Keywords

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