Abstract
The standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a few big open questions that make the standard model look like an approximation to a more realistic scenario yet to be found. In this paper, we list a few important goals that need to be addressed in the next decade, taking into account the current discordances between the different cosmological probes, such as the disagreement in the value of the Hubble constant H0, the σ8–S8 tension, and other less statistically significant anomalies. While these discordances can still be in part the result of systematic errors, their persistence after several years of accurate analysis strongly hints at cracks in the standard cosmological scenario and the necessity for new physics or generalisations beyond the standard model. In this paper, we focus on the 5.0σ tension between the Planck CMB estimate of the Hubble constant H0 and the SH0ES collaboration measurements. After showing the H0 evaluations made from different teams using different methods and geometric calibrations, we list a few interesting new physics models that could alleviate this tension and discuss how the next decade's experiments will be crucial. Moreover, we focus on the tension of the Planck CMB data with weak lensing measurements and redshift surveys, about the value of the matter energy density Ωm, and the amplitude or rate of the growth of structure (σ8,fσ8). We list a few interesting models proposed for alleviating this tension, and we discuss the importance of trying to fit a full array of data with a single model and not just one parameter at a time. Additionally, we present a wide range of other less discussed anomalies at a statistical significance level lower than the H0–S8 tensions which may also constitute hints towards new physics, and we discuss possible generic theoretical approaches that can collectively explain the non-standard nature of these signals. Finally, we give an overview of upgraded experiments and next-generation space missions and facilities on Earth that will be of crucial importance to address all these open questions.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 49-211 |
| Number of pages | 163 |
| Journal | Journal of High Energy Astrophysics |
| Volume | 34 |
| Early online date | 4 May 2022 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Jun 2022 |
Keywords
- UKRI
- STFC
- ST/M004856/2
- ST/S00033X/1
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In: Journal of High Energy Astrophysics, Vol. 34, 01.06.2022, p. 49-211.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Cosmology intertwined: a review of the particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology associated with the cosmological tensions and anomalies
AU - Abdalla, Elcio
AU - Abellán, Guillermo Franco
AU - Aboubrahim, Amin
AU - Agnello, Adriano
AU - Akarsu, Özgür
AU - Akrami, Yashar
AU - Alestas, George
AU - Aloni, Daniel
AU - Amendola, Luca
AU - Anchordoqui, Luis A.
AU - Anderson, Richard I.
AU - Arendse, Nikki
AU - Asgari, Marika
AU - Ballardini, Mario
AU - Barger, Vernon
AU - Basilakos, Spyros
AU - Batista, Ronaldo C.
AU - Battistelli, Elia S.
AU - Battye, Richard
AU - Benetti, Micol
AU - Benisty, David
AU - Berlin, Asher
AU - de Bernardis, Paolo
AU - Berti, Emanuele
AU - Bidenko, Bohdan
AU - Birrer, Simon
AU - Blakeslee, John P.
AU - Boddy, Kimberly K.
AU - Bom, Clecio R.
AU - Bonilla, Alexander
AU - Borghi, Nicola
AU - Bouchet, François R.
AU - Braglia, Matteo
AU - Buchert, Thomas
AU - Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth
AU - Calabrese, Erminia
AU - Caldwell, Robert R.
AU - Camarena, David
AU - Capozziello, Salvatore
AU - Casertano, Stefano
AU - Chen, Geoff C.F.
AU - Chluba, Jens
AU - Chen, Angela
AU - Chen, Hsin Yu
AU - Chudaykin, Anton
AU - Cicoli, Michele
AU - Copi, Craig J.
AU - Courbin, Fred
AU - Cyr-Racine, Francis Yan
AU - Czerny, Bożena
AU - Dainotti, Maria
AU - D'Amico, Guido
AU - Davis, Anne Christine
AU - de Cruz Pérez, Javier
AU - de Haro, Jaume
AU - Delabrouille, Jacques
AU - Denton, Peter B.
AU - Dhawan, Suhail
AU - Dienes, Keith R.
AU - Di Valentino, Eleonora
AU - Du, Pu
AU - Eckert, Dominique
AU - Escamilla-Rivera, Celia
AU - Ferté, Agnès
AU - Finelli, Fabio
AU - Fosalba, Pablo
AU - Freedman, Wendy L.
AU - Frusciante, Noemi
AU - Gaztañaga, Enrique
AU - Giarè, William
AU - Giusarma, Elena
AU - Gómez-Valent, Adrià
AU - Handley, Will
AU - Harrison, Ian
AU - Hart, Luke
AU - Hazra, Dhiraj Kumar
AU - Heavens, Alan
AU - Heinesen, Asta
AU - Hildebrandt, Hendrik
AU - Hill, J. Colin
AU - Hogg, Natalie B.
AU - Holz, Daniel E.
AU - Hooper, Deanna C.
AU - Hosseininejad, Nikoo
AU - Huterer, Dragan
AU - Ishak, Mustapha
AU - Ivanov, Mikhail M.
AU - Jaffe, Andrew H.
AU - Jang, In Sung
AU - Jedamzik, Karsten
AU - Jimenez, Raul
AU - Joseph, Melissa
AU - Joudaki, Shahab
AU - Kamionkowski, Marc
AU - Karwal, Tanvi
AU - Kazantzidis, Lavrentios
AU - Keeley, Ryan E.
AU - Klasen, Michael
AU - Komatsu, Eiichiro
AU - Koopmans, Léon V.E.
AU - Kumar, Suresh
AU - Lamagna, Luca
AU - Lazkoz, Ruth
AU - Lee, Chung Chi
AU - Lesgourgues, Julien
AU - Levi Said, Jackson
AU - Lewis, Tiffany R.
AU - L'Huillier, Benjamin
AU - Lucca, Matteo
AU - Maartens, Roy
AU - Macri, Lucas M.
AU - Marfatia, Danny
AU - Marra, Valerio
AU - Martins, Carlos J.A.P.
AU - Masi, Silvia
AU - Matarrese, Sabino
AU - Mazumdar, Arindam
AU - Melchiorri, Alessandro
AU - Mena, Olga
AU - Mersini-Houghton, Laura
AU - Mertens, James
AU - Milaković, Dinko
AU - Minami, Yuto
AU - Miranda, Vivian
AU - Moreno-Pulido, Cristian
AU - Moresco, Michele
AU - Mota, David F.
AU - Mottola, Emil
AU - Mozzon, Simone
AU - Muir, Jessica
AU - Mukherjee, Ankan
AU - Mukherjee, Suvodip
AU - Naselsky, Pavel
AU - Nath, Pran
AU - Nesseris, Savvas
AU - Niedermann, Florian
AU - Notari, Alessio
AU - Nunes, Rafael C.
AU - Ó Colgáin, Eoin
AU - Owens, Kayla A.
AU - Özülker, Emre
AU - Pace, Francesco
AU - Paliathanasis, Andronikos
AU - Palmese, Antonella
AU - Pan, Supriya
AU - Paoletti, Daniela
AU - Perez Bergliaffa, Santiago E.
AU - Perivolaropoulos, Leandros
AU - Pesce, Dominic W.
AU - Pettorino, Valeria
AU - Philcox, Oliver H.E.
AU - Pogosian, Levon
AU - Poulin, Vivian
AU - Poulot, Gaspard
AU - Raveri, Marco
AU - Reid, Mark J.
AU - Renzi, Fabrizio
AU - Riess, Adam G.
AU - Sabla, Vivian I.
AU - Salucci, Paolo
AU - Salzano, Vincenzo
AU - Saridakis, Emmanuel N.
AU - Sathyaprakash, Bangalore S.
AU - Schmaltz, Martin
AU - Schöneberg, Nils
AU - Scolnic, Dan
AU - Sen, Anjan A.
AU - Sehgal, Neelima
AU - Shafieloo, Arman
AU - Sheikh-Jabbari, M. M.
AU - Silk, Joseph
AU - Silvestri, Alessandra
AU - Skara, Foteini
AU - Sloth, Martin S.
AU - Soares-Santos, Marcelle
AU - Solà Peracaula, Joan
AU - Songsheng, Yu Yang
AU - Soriano, Jorge F.
AU - Staicova, Denitsa
AU - Starkman, Glenn D.
AU - Szapudi, István
AU - Teixeira, Elsa M.
AU - Thomas, Brooks
AU - Treu, Tommaso
AU - Trott, Emery
AU - van de Bruck, Carsten
AU - Vazquez, J. Alberto
AU - Verde, Licia
AU - Visinelli, Luca
AU - Wang, Deng
AU - Wang, Jian Min
AU - Wang, Shao Jiang
AU - Watkins, Richard
AU - Watson, Scott
AU - Webb, John K.
AU - Weiner, Neal
AU - Weltman, Amanda
AU - Witte, Samuel J.
AU - Wojtak, Radosław
AU - Yadav, Anil Kumar
AU - Yang, Weiqiang
AU - Zhao, Gong Bo
AU - Zumalacárregui, Miguel
N1 - Funding Information: Each section begins with a list of contributors who made particular, and in many cases, substantial contributions to the writing of that section. Furthermore, this White Paper is supported by ∼203 scientists, who participated in brainstorming sessions from August 2020, and provided feedback via regular Zoom seminars and meetings, and the SLACK platform. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
PY - 2022/6/1
Y1 - 2022/6/1
N2 - The standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a few big open questions that make the standard model look like an approximation to a more realistic scenario yet to be found. In this paper, we list a few important goals that need to be addressed in the next decade, taking into account the current discordances between the different cosmological probes, such as the disagreement in the value of the Hubble constant H0, the σ8–S8 tension, and other less statistically significant anomalies. While these discordances can still be in part the result of systematic errors, their persistence after several years of accurate analysis strongly hints at cracks in the standard cosmological scenario and the necessity for new physics or generalisations beyond the standard model. In this paper, we focus on the 5.0σ tension between the Planck CMB estimate of the Hubble constant H0 and the SH0ES collaboration measurements. After showing the H0 evaluations made from different teams using different methods and geometric calibrations, we list a few interesting new physics models that could alleviate this tension and discuss how the next decade's experiments will be crucial. Moreover, we focus on the tension of the Planck CMB data with weak lensing measurements and redshift surveys, about the value of the matter energy density Ωm, and the amplitude or rate of the growth of structure (σ8,fσ8). We list a few interesting models proposed for alleviating this tension, and we discuss the importance of trying to fit a full array of data with a single model and not just one parameter at a time. Additionally, we present a wide range of other less discussed anomalies at a statistical significance level lower than the H0–S8 tensions which may also constitute hints towards new physics, and we discuss possible generic theoretical approaches that can collectively explain the non-standard nature of these signals. Finally, we give an overview of upgraded experiments and next-generation space missions and facilities on Earth that will be of crucial importance to address all these open questions.
AB - The standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a few big open questions that make the standard model look like an approximation to a more realistic scenario yet to be found. In this paper, we list a few important goals that need to be addressed in the next decade, taking into account the current discordances between the different cosmological probes, such as the disagreement in the value of the Hubble constant H0, the σ8–S8 tension, and other less statistically significant anomalies. While these discordances can still be in part the result of systematic errors, their persistence after several years of accurate analysis strongly hints at cracks in the standard cosmological scenario and the necessity for new physics or generalisations beyond the standard model. In this paper, we focus on the 5.0σ tension between the Planck CMB estimate of the Hubble constant H0 and the SH0ES collaboration measurements. After showing the H0 evaluations made from different teams using different methods and geometric calibrations, we list a few interesting new physics models that could alleviate this tension and discuss how the next decade's experiments will be crucial. Moreover, we focus on the tension of the Planck CMB data with weak lensing measurements and redshift surveys, about the value of the matter energy density Ωm, and the amplitude or rate of the growth of structure (σ8,fσ8). We list a few interesting models proposed for alleviating this tension, and we discuss the importance of trying to fit a full array of data with a single model and not just one parameter at a time. Additionally, we present a wide range of other less discussed anomalies at a statistical significance level lower than the H0–S8 tensions which may also constitute hints towards new physics, and we discuss possible generic theoretical approaches that can collectively explain the non-standard nature of these signals. Finally, we give an overview of upgraded experiments and next-generation space missions and facilities on Earth that will be of crucial importance to address all these open questions.
KW - UKRI
KW - STFC
KW - ST/M004856/2
KW - ST/S00033X/1
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129606168&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2203.06142
U2 - 10.1016/j.jheap.2022.04.002
DO - 10.1016/j.jheap.2022.04.002
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85129606168
SN - 2214-4048
VL - 34
SP - 49
EP - 211
JO - Journal of High Energy Astrophysics
JF - Journal of High Energy Astrophysics
ER -