TY - JOUR
T1 - Electrodes based on Magnéli phase titanium oxides
T2 - the properties and applications of Ebonex® materials
AU - Smith, J. R.
AU - Walsh, F. C.
AU - Clarke, R. L.
PY - 1998/10/1
Y1 - 1998/10/1
N2 - Magnéli phases are a range of substoichiometric oxides of titanium of the general formula TinO2n-1, (where n is between 4 and 10) produced from high temperature reduction of titania in a hydrogen atmosphere. These blue/black ceramic materials exhibit a conductivity comparable to that of graphite and can be produced in a number of forms, such as tiles, rods, fibres, foams and powders. While these materials have been studied for many years, they have only recently received interest for use as ceramic electrode materials, commercially termed 'Ebonex®', and are beginning to challenge precious metal coated anodes for some applications in aggressive electrolytes. Other uses for these materials include electrowinning, electroplating, battery materials, impressed current cathodic protection anodes, electrochemical soil remediation, oxidation of organic wastes, flexible cable materials and electrophoresis. The scope of this review considers the structure and properties of Magnéli phase titanium oxide materials, together with their electrochemical behaviour and applications.
AB - Magnéli phases are a range of substoichiometric oxides of titanium of the general formula TinO2n-1, (where n is between 4 and 10) produced from high temperature reduction of titania in a hydrogen atmosphere. These blue/black ceramic materials exhibit a conductivity comparable to that of graphite and can be produced in a number of forms, such as tiles, rods, fibres, foams and powders. While these materials have been studied for many years, they have only recently received interest for use as ceramic electrode materials, commercially termed 'Ebonex®', and are beginning to challenge precious metal coated anodes for some applications in aggressive electrolytes. Other uses for these materials include electrowinning, electroplating, battery materials, impressed current cathodic protection anodes, electrochemical soil remediation, oxidation of organic wastes, flexible cable materials and electrophoresis. The scope of this review considers the structure and properties of Magnéli phase titanium oxide materials, together with their electrochemical behaviour and applications.
KW - Conductive
KW - Magnéli phases
KW - Substoichiometric
KW - Titanium oxides
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032182049&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1023/A:1003469427858
DO - 10.1023/A:1003469427858
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0032182049
SN - 0021-891X
VL - 28
SP - 1021
EP - 1033
JO - Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
JF - Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
IS - 10
ER -