@article{07b0d2d4dda944be818be21c835002e7,
title = "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). The Strong Lensing Discovery Engine D - Double-source-plane lens candidates",
abstract = " Strong gravitational lensing systems with multiple source planes are powerful tools for probing the density profiles and dark matter substructure of the galaxies. The ratio of Einstein radii is related to the dark energy equation of state through the cosmological scaling factor \$\textbackslash{}beta\$. However, galaxy-scale double-source-plane lenses (DSPLs) are extremely rare. In this paper, we report the discovery of four new galaxy-scale double-source-plane lens candidates in the Euclid Quick Release 1 (Q1) data. These systems were initially identified through a combination of machine learning lens-finding models and subsequent visual inspection from citizens and experts. We apply the widely-used \{\textbackslash{}tt LensPop\} lens forecasting model to predict that the full \textbackslash{}Euclid survey will discover 1700 DSPLs, which scales to \$6 \textbackslash{}pm 3\$ DSPLs in 63 deg\$\textasciicircum{}2\$, the area of Q1. The number of discoveries in this work is broadly consistent with this forecast. We present lens models for each DSPL and infer their \$\textbackslash{}beta\$ values. Our initial Q1 sample demonstrates the promise of \textbackslash{}Euclid to discover such rare objects. ",
keywords = "astro-ph.GA, Gravitational lensing: strong, Galaxies: halos, dark matter",
author = "\{Euclid Collaboration\} and Euclid Collaboration and T. Li and Collett, \{T. E.\} and M. Walmsley and Lines, \{N. E. P.\} and K. Rojas and Nightingale, \{J. W.\} and Enzi, \{W. J. R.\} and Moustakas, \{L. A.\} and C. Krawczyk and R. Gavazzi and G. Despali and P. Holloway and S. Schuldt and F. Courbin and Metcalf, \{R. B.\} and Ballard, \{D. J.\} and A. Verma and B. Cl{\'e}ment and H. Degaudenzi and A. Melo and Barroso, \{J. A. Acevedo\} and L. Leuzzi and A. Manj{\'o}n-Garc{\'i}a and R. Pearce-Casey and D. Sluse and C. Tortora and R. Massey and G. Mahler and A. More and N. Aghanim and B. Altieri and A. Amara and S. Andreon and N. Auricchio and H. Aussel and C. Baccigalupi and M. Baldi and A. Balestra and S. Bardelli and P. Battaglia and R. Bender and F. Bernardeau and S. Casas and Nichol, \{R. C.\} and Percival, \{W. J.\} and Schewtschenko, \{J. A.\} and E. Gaztanaga and S. Nadathur and K. Naidoo",
note = "Paper submitted as part of the A\&A Special Issue `Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1), 16 pages, 11 figures",
year = "2025",
month = jun,
day = "13",
language = "English",
journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",
issn = "0004-6361",
publisher = "EDP Sciences",
}