Examining methods, messengers and behavioural theories to disseminate physical activity information to individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia: a scoping review

Background: Many individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia are not active and lack the necessary knowledge and confidence to become and stay active. To develop effective physical activity promotion interventions, it is necessary to identify credible messengers and effective methods to disseminate physical activity information to this population.

Aims: The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and examine knowledge mobilization theories, messengers and methods used to disseminate physical activity information to individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Method: This scoping review followed the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley.

Results: In total, 43 studies and 7 reviews identified multiple messengers and methods used to disseminate physical activity information to individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but few attempts to structure information theoretically. Findings do not point to which messengers or methods are most effective or which theories should be used to construct information interventions. Studies show that physical activity information should be provided in an individualised manner from staff who could easily connect with patients.

Conclusions: Few researchers have addressed the physical activity information needs of individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Researchers need to examine and implement effective knowledge mobilization strategies for this population.