Examining the information used by football goalkeepers attempting to save penalty kicks

In time-pressured situations, athletes perceive advance cues to anticipate future events, leaving them vulnerable to deception (Jackson et al., 2006; Savelsbergh et al., 2002.) This study examined the perceptual information used by association football goalkeepers while attempting to save penalty kicks. One skilled player took penalties with either a deceptive or nondeceptive standardized run-up. Goalkeepers (N = 8) wore Plato LCD occlusion goggles, which were opaque prior to the initiation of the penalty taker’s run-up and became clear at: t1, run-up initiation; t2, kicking foot ground contact prior to the final kicking stride; t3, kicking foot toe-off in the kicking stride; t4, non-kicking foot ground placement; t5, ball