@article{4ed337af43134fe0a821ff5e7ec8d56d,
title = "Fauna of the Kemp Caldera and its upper bathyal hydrothermal vents (South Sandwich Arc, Antarctica)",
abstract = "Faunal assemblages at hydrothermal vents associated with island-arc volcanism are less well known than those at vents on mid-ocean ridges and back-arc spreading centres. This study characterizes chemosynthetic biotopes at active hydrothermal vents discovered at the Kemp Caldera in the South Sandwich Arc. The caldera hosts sulfur and anhydrite vent chimneys in 1375–1487 m depth, which emit sulfide-rich fluids with temperatures up to 212°C, and the microbial community of water samples in the buoyant plume rising from the vents was dominated by sulfur-oxidizing Gammaproteobacteria. A total of 12 macro- and megafaunal taxa depending on hydrothermal activity were collected in these biotopes, of which seven species were known from the East Scotia Ridge (ESR) vents and three species from vents outside the Southern Ocean. Faunal assemblages were dominated by large vesicomyid clams, actinostolid anemones, Sericosura sea spiders and lepetodrilid and cocculinid limpets, but several taxa abundant at nearby ESR hydrothermal vents were rare such as the stalked barnacle Neolepas scotiaensis. Multivariate analysis of fauna at Kemp Caldera and vents in neighbouring areas indicated that the Kemp Caldera is most similar to vent fields in the previously established Southern Ocean vent biogeographic province, showing that the species composition at island-arc hydrothermal vents can be distinct from nearby seafloor-spreading systems. δ13C and δ15N isotope values of megafaunal species analysed from the Kemp Caldera were similar to those of the same or related species at other vent fields, but none of the fauna sampled at Kemp Caldera had δ13C values, indicating nutritional dependence on Epsilonproteobacteria, unlike fauna at other island-arc hydrothermal vents.",
keywords = "Biogeography, Chemosynthetic ecosystem, Gammaproteobacteria, Hydrothermal vents, Resurgent cone, Stable isotopes, UKRI, NERC, NE/ DO1249X/1, NE/D01429X/1, NE/F010664/1",
author = "Katrin Linse and Copley, {Jonathan T.} and Connelly, {Douglas P.} and Larter, {Robert D.} and Pearce, {David A.} and Polunin, {Nick V. C.} and Rogers, {Alex D.} and Chong Chen and Andrew Clarke and Glover, {Adrian G.} and Graham, {Alastair G. C.} and Huvenne, {Veerle A. I.} and Leigh Marsh and Reid, {William D. K.} and Roterman, {C. N.} and Sweeting, {Christopher J.} and Katrin Zwirglmaier and Tyler, {Paul A.}",
note = "Funding Information: Financial support came from UK?s Natural Environmental Research Council (Consortium grant no. NE/ DO1249X/1, PhD studentships NE/D01429X/1, NE/F010664/1) and the Sloan Foundation (Census of Marine Life). Acknowledgements. We thank the masters and crews of RRS James Clark Ross and RRS James Cook and the staff of the UK National Marine Facilities at NOC, especially the ROV Isis team, and the science teams on board for logistic, technical and shipboard support during JR224 and JC042. We are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers, who provided comments that improved the manuscript. Funding Information: Ethics. Permission to collect samples in Antarctica was granted to P. Tyler by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office London (permit S3–3/2009) under §3 of the Antarctic Act 1994 and authorization was given to the persons specified in electronic supplementary material, Appendix I, to enter and remain in Antarctica for the purpose of scientific research. No special {\textquoteleft}Animal Care Protocol{\textquoteright} was required at the time. Data accessibility. Our genetic data are deposited at GenBank accessions numbers MK736312–MK736351. The datasets supporting this article have been uploaded as part of the electronic supplementary material. Authors{\textquoteright} contributions. K.L., J.T.C., A.D.R., W.D.K.R. and K.Z. drafted the manuscript, K.L., J.T.C., V.A.I.H., A.G.C.G., L.M., W.D.K.R. and K.Z. prepared figures and tables, C.C., A.C., D.P.C., J.T.C., A.D.R., A.G.C.G., V.A.I.H., K.L., R.D.L., L.M., D.A.P., N.V.C.P., W.D.K.R., C.N.R., C.J.S., P.A.T. and K.Z. were involved in fieldwork, analyses and manuscript edits. All authors gave final approval for publication. Competing interests. The authors declare no competing interests. Funding. Financial support came from UK{\textquoteright}s Natural Environmental Research Council (Consortium grant no. NE/ DO1249X/1, PhD studentships NE/D01429X/1, NE/F010664/1) and the Sloan Foundation (Census of Marine Life). Acknowledgements. We thank the masters and crews of RRS James Clark Ross and RRS James Cook and the staff of the UK National Marine Facilities at NOC, especially the ROV Isis team, and the science teams on board for logistic, technical and shipboard support during JR224 and JC042. We are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers, who provided comments that improved the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.",
year = "2019",
month = nov,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1098/rsos.191501",
language = "English",
volume = "6",
journal = "Royal Society Open Science",
issn = "2054-5703",
publisher = "The Royal Society",
number = "11",
}