@article{842089c304f04e2fa07fbfce623931d3,
title = "Feedback from supermassive black holes transforms centrals into passive galaxies by ejecting circumgalactic gas",
abstract = "Davies et al. established that for L∗ galaxies the fraction of baryons in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is inversely correlated with the mass of their central supermassive black holes (BHs) in the EAGLE hydrodynamic simulation. The interpretation is that, over time, a more massive BH has provided more energy to transport baryons beyond the virial radius, which additionally reduces gas accretion and star formation. We continue this research by focusing on the relationship between the (1) BH masses (MBH), (2) physical and observational properties of the CGM, and (3) galaxy colours for Milky Way-mass systems. The ratio of the cumulative BH feedback energy over the gaseous halo binding energy is a strong predictor of the CGM gas content, with BHs injecting significantly higher than the binding energy resulting in gas-poor haloes. Observable tracers of the CGM, including CIV, OVI, and HI absorption line measurements, are found to be effective tracers of the total z ∼ 0 CGM halo mass. We use high-cadence simulation outputs to demonstrate that BH feedback pushes baryons beyond the virial radius within 100 Myr time-scales, but that CGM metal tracers take longer (0.5-2.5 Gyr) to respond. Secular evolution of galaxies results in blue, star-forming or red, passive populations depending on the cumulative feedback from BHs. The reddest quartile of galaxies with M∗ = 1010.2-10.7M⊙ (median u - r = 2.28) has a CGM mass that is 2.5 times lower than the bluest quartile (u - r = 1.59). We propose observing strategies to indirectly ascertain fCGM via metal lines around galaxies with measured MBH. We predict statistically detectable declines in CIV and OVI covering fractions with increasing MBH for central galaxies with M∗ = 1010.2-10.7M⊙.",
keywords = "(galaxies:) quasars: supermassive black holes, Cosmology: theory, Galaxies: formation, Hydrodynamics, Methods: numerical, Quasars: absorption lines, UKRI, STFC, ST/K00042X/1, ST/P002293/1, ST/R002371/1, ST/S002502/1, ST/R000832/1",
author = "Oppenheimer, {Benjamin D.} and Davies, {Jonathan J.} and Crain, {Robert A.} and Wijers, {Nastasha A.} and Joop Schaye and Werk, {Jessica K.} and Burchett, {Joseph N.} and Trayford, {James W.} and Ryan Horton",
note = "Funding Information: The authors acknowledge the referee{\textquoteright}s thorough review of our manuscript, which enhanced and clarified this work. The authors would like to thank Akos Bogdan, Lars Hernquist, Ian McCarthy, Dylan Nelson, Erica Nelson, Nicole Sanchez, John Stocke, Michael Tremmel, and Rainer Weinberger for stimulating conversations and exchanges that contributed to this manuscript. Support for BDO was provided through the NASA ATP grant NNX16AB31G and NASA Hubble grant HST-AR-14308. JJD acknowledges an STFC doctoral studentship. RAC is a Royal Society University Research Fellow. JKW acknowledges support from a 2018 Sloan Foundation Fellowship. JS acknowledges support from Vici grant 639.043.409 from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). The study made use of high performance computing facilities at Liverpool John Moores University, partly funded by the Royal Society and LJMU{\textquoteright}s Faculty of Engineering and Technology, and the DiRAC Data Centric system at Durham University, managed by the Institute for Computational Cosmology on behalf of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (http://www.dirac.ac.uk). This equipment was funded by BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grants ST/K00042X/1, ST/P002293/1, ST/R002371/1, and ST/S002502/1,Durham University and STFC operations grant ST/R000832/1. DiRAC is part of the National e-Infrastructure. Funding Information: The authors acknowledge the referee's thorough review of our manuscript, which enhanced and clarified this work. The authors would like to thank Akos Bogdan, Lars Hernquist, Ian McCarthy, Dylan Nelson, Erica Nelson, Nicole Sanchez, John Stocke, Michael Tremmel, and Rainer Weinberger for stimulating conversations and exchanges that contributed to this manuscript. Support for BDO was provided through the NASA ATP grant NNX16AB31G and NASA Hubble grant HST-AR-14308. JJD acknowledges an STFC doctoral studentship. RAC is a Royal Society University Research Fellow. JKW acknowledges support from a 2018 Sloan Foundation Fellowship. JS acknowledges support from Vici grant 639.043.409 from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). The study made use of high performance computing facilities at Liverpool John Moores University, partly funded by the Royal Society and LJMU's Faculty of Engineering and Technology, and the DiRAC Data Centric system at Durham University, managed by the Institute for Computational Cosmology on behalf of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (http://www.dirac.ac.uk). This equipment was funded by BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grants ST/K00042X/1, ST/P002293/1, ST/R002371/1, and ST/S002502/1,Durham University and STFC operations grant ST/R000832/1. DiRAC is part of the National e-Infrastructure. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 The Author(s).",
year = "2020",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1093/mnras/stz3124",
language = "English",
volume = "491",
pages = "2939--2952",
journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",
issn = "0035-8711",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "2",
}