'Four Closure': how Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google are driving business model innovation

Nigel Walton

doi:10.1109/ICIMTR.2012.6236368

'Four Closure': how Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google are driving business model innovation

Nigel Walton

School of Strategy, Marketing and Innovation

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Abstract

This paper explores the rapid growth of four internet-based corporations and critiques the extent to which the Internet has developed from being simply a powerful tool and enabler of industry innovation to achieving status as a fully-fledged technology-based business ecosystem.The need to develop new management theories, tools and techniques to compete with the “Gang of Four” (Amazon, Apple, Google and Facebook) are also discussed in some depth as well as providing a critique of traditional models/strategic approaches and more recent theories. This is considered to be an important area of research because as a new class of Internet company emerges incumbent firms in traditional industries will need to know how to prepare for the new challenges facing them.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2012 International Conference on Innovation Management and Technology Research
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
ISBN (Electronic)	9781467306546
ISBN (Print)	9781467306553
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMTR.2012.6236368
Publication status	Published - 12 Jul 2012
Event	2012 International Conference on Innovation Management and Technology Research - Malacca, Malaysia Duration: 21 May 2012 → 22 May 2012

Conference

Conference	2012 International Conference on Innovation Management and Technology Research
Country/Territory	Malaysia
City	Malacca
Period	21/05/12 → 22/05/12

Keywords

business ecosystem
platforms
catalyst
infomediaries
white space
blue ocean strategy

Access to Document

10.1109/ICIMTR.2012.6236368

Cite this

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title = "'Four Closure': how Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google are driving business model innovation",

abstract = "This paper explores the rapid growth of four internet-based corporations and critiques the extent to which the Internet has developed from being simply a powerful tool and enabler of industry innovation to achieving status as a fully-fledged technology-based business ecosystem.The need to develop new management theories, tools and techniques to compete with the “Gang of Four” (Amazon, Apple, Google and Facebook) are also discussed in some depth as well as providing a critique of traditional models/strategic approaches and more recent theories. This is considered to be an important area of research because as a new class of Internet company emerges incumbent firms in traditional industries will need to know how to prepare for the new challenges facing them.",

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Walton, N 2012, 'Four Closure': how Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google are driving business model innovation. in 2012 International Conference on Innovation Management and Technology Research. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2012 International Conference on Innovation Management and Technology Research, Malacca, Malaysia, 21/05/12. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMTR.2012.6236368

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