Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred disks and bar fractions

B. D. Simmons; Thomas Melvin; Chris Lintott; Karen L. Masters; Kyle W. Willett; William C. Keel; R. J. Smethurst; Edmond Cheung; Robert C. Nichol; Kevin Schawinski; Michael Rutkowski; Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe; Eric F. Bell; Kevin R. V. Casteels; Christopher J. Conselice; Omar Almaini; Henry C. Ferguson; Lucy Fortson; William Hartley; Dale Kocevski; Anton M. Koekemoer; Daniel H. McIntosh; Alice Mortlock; Jeffrey A. Newman; Jamie Ownsworth; Steven Bamford; Tomas Dahlen; Sandra M. Faber; Steven L. Finkelstein; Adriano Fontana; Audrey Galametz; N. A. Grogin; Ruth Grutzbauch; Yicheng Guo; Boris Haussler; Kian J. Jek; Sugata Kaviraj; Ray A. Lucas; Michael Peth; Mara Salvato; Tommy Wiklind; Stijn Wuyts

doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1817

Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred disks and bar fractions

B. D. Simmons, Thomas Melvin, Chris Lintott, Karen L. Masters, Kyle W. Willett, William C. Keel, R. J. Smethurst, Edmond Cheung, Robert C. Nichol, Kevin Schawinski, Michael Rutkowski, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Eric F. Bell, Kevin R. V. Casteels, Christopher J. Conselice, Omar Almaini, Henry C. Ferguson, Lucy Fortson, William Hartley, Dale KocevskiAnton M. Koekemoer, Daniel H. McIntosh, Alice Mortlock, Jeffrey A. Newman, Jamie Ownsworth, Steven Bamford, Tomas Dahlen, Sandra M. Faber, Steven L. Finkelstein, Adriano Fontana, Audrey Galametz, N. A. Grogin, Ruth Grutzbauch, Yicheng Guo, Boris Haussler, Kian J. Jek, Sugata Kaviraj, Ray A. Lucas, Michael Peth, Mara Salvato, Tommy Wiklind, Stijn Wuyts

Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation

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Abstract

The formation of bars in disk galaxies is a tracer of the dynamical maturity of thepopulation. Previous studies have found that the incidence of bars in disks decreasesfrom the local Universe to z ∼ 1, and by z > 1 simulations predict that bar featuresin dynamically mature disks should be extremely rare. Here we report the discoveryof strong barred structures in massive disk galaxies at z ∼ 1.5 in deep rest-frameoptical images from CANDELS. From within a sample of 876 disk galaxies identifiedby visual classification in Galaxy Zoo, we identify 123 barred galaxies. Selecting a sub-sample within the same region of the evolving galaxy luminosity function (brighterthan L), we find that the bar fraction across the redshift range 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 2 (f_bar=10.7^+6.3_−3.5% after correcting for incompleteness) does not significantly evolve.We discussthe implications of this discovery in the context of existing simulations and our currentunderstanding of the way disk galaxies have evolved over the last 11 billion years.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3466-3474
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	445
Issue number	4
Early online date	30 Oct 2014
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1817
Publication status	Published - 21 Dec 2014

Keywords

astro-ph.GA
RCUK
STFC
ST/J500665/1 and ST/K502236/1 and ST/I001204/1

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Simmons, B. D., Melvin, T., Lintott, C., Masters, K. L., Willett, K. W., Keel, W. C., Smethurst, R. J., Cheung, E., Nichol, R. C., Schawinski, K., Rutkowski, M., Kartaltepe, J. S., Bell, E. F., Casteels, K. R. V., Conselice, C. J., Almaini, O., Ferguson, H. C., Fortson, L., Hartley, W., ... Wuyts, S. (2014). Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred disks and bar fractions. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 445(4), 3466-3474. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1817

@article{47e38bdca8594bdaa3d3ff93cb7818ad,

title = "Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred disks and bar fractions",

abstract = "The formation of bars in disk galaxies is a tracer of the dynamical maturity of thepopulation. Previous studies have found that the incidence of bars in disks decreasesfrom the local Universe to z ∼ 1, and by z > 1 simulations predict that bar featuresin dynamically mature disks should be extremely rare. Here we report the discoveryof strong barred structures in massive disk galaxies at z ∼ 1.5 in deep rest-frameoptical images from CANDELS. From within a sample of 876 disk galaxies identifiedby visual classification in Galaxy Zoo, we identify 123 barred galaxies. Selecting a sub-sample within the same region of the evolving galaxy luminosity function (brighterthan L), we find that the bar fraction across the redshift range 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 2 (fbar =10.7+6.3−3.5% after correcting for incompleteness) does not significantly evolve.We discussthe implications of this discovery in the context of existing simulations and our currentunderstanding of the way disk galaxies have evolved over the last 11 billion years.",

keywords = "astro-ph.GA, RCUK, STFC, ST/J500665/1 and ST/K502236/1 and ST/I001204/1",

author = "Simmons, {B. D.} and Thomas Melvin and Chris Lintott and Masters, {Karen L.} and Willett, {Kyle W.} and Keel, {William C.} and Smethurst, {R. J.} and Edmond Cheung and Nichol, {Robert C.} and Kevin Schawinski and Michael Rutkowski and Kartaltepe, {Jeyhan S.} and Bell, {Eric F.} and Casteels, {Kevin R. V.} and Conselice, {Christopher J.} and Omar Almaini and Ferguson, {Henry C.} and Lucy Fortson and William Hartley and Dale Kocevski and Koekemoer, {Anton M.} and McIntosh, {Daniel H.} and Alice Mortlock and Newman, {Jeffrey A.} and Jamie Ownsworth and Steven Bamford and Tomas Dahlen and Faber, {Sandra M.} and Finkelstein, {Steven L.} and Adriano Fontana and Audrey Galametz and Grogin, {N. A.} and Ruth Grutzbauch and Yicheng Guo and Boris Haussler and Jek, {Kian J.} and Sugata Kaviraj and Lucas, {Ray A.} and Michael Peth and Mara Salvato and Tommy Wiklind and Stijn Wuyts",

note = "This article has been accepted for publication in 'Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society {\textcopyright}: 2014 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.",

year = "2014",

month = dec,

day = "21",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stu1817",

language = "English",

volume = "445",

pages = "3466--3474",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "4",

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Simmons, BD, Melvin, T, Lintott, C, Masters, KL, Willett, KW, Keel, WC, Smethurst, RJ, Cheung, E, Nichol, RC, Schawinski, K, Rutkowski, M, Kartaltepe, JS, Bell, EF, Casteels, KRV, Conselice, CJ, Almaini, O, Ferguson, HC, Fortson, L, Hartley, W, Kocevski, D, Koekemoer, AM, McIntosh, DH, Mortlock, A, Newman, JA, Ownsworth, J, Bamford, S, Dahlen, T, Faber, SM, Finkelstein, SL, Fontana, A, Galametz, A, Grogin, NA, Grutzbauch, R, Guo, Y, Haussler, B, Jek, KJ, Kaviraj, S, Lucas, RA, Peth, M, Salvato, M, Wiklind, T & Wuyts, S 2014, 'Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred disks and bar fractions', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 445, no. 4, pp. 3466-3474. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1817

TY - JOUR

T1 - Galaxy Zoo

T2 - CANDELS barred disks and bar fractions

AU - Simmons, B. D.

AU - Melvin, Thomas

AU - Lintott, Chris

AU - Masters, Karen L.

AU - Willett, Kyle W.

AU - Keel, William C.

AU - Smethurst, R. J.

AU - Cheung, Edmond

AU - Nichol, Robert C.

AU - Schawinski, Kevin

AU - Rutkowski, Michael

AU - Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.

AU - Bell, Eric F.

AU - Casteels, Kevin R. V.

AU - Conselice, Christopher J.

AU - Almaini, Omar

AU - Ferguson, Henry C.

AU - Fortson, Lucy

AU - Hartley, William

AU - Kocevski, Dale

AU - Koekemoer, Anton M.

AU - McIntosh, Daniel H.

AU - Mortlock, Alice

AU - Newman, Jeffrey A.

AU - Ownsworth, Jamie

AU - Bamford, Steven

AU - Dahlen, Tomas

AU - Faber, Sandra M.

AU - Finkelstein, Steven L.

AU - Fontana, Adriano

AU - Galametz, Audrey

AU - Grogin, N. A.

AU - Grutzbauch, Ruth

AU - Guo, Yicheng

AU - Haussler, Boris

AU - Jek, Kian J.

AU - Kaviraj, Sugata

AU - Lucas, Ray A.

AU - Peth, Michael

AU - Salvato, Mara

AU - Wiklind, Tommy

AU - Wuyts, Stijn

N1 - This article has been accepted for publication in 'Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2014 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

PY - 2014/12/21

Y1 - 2014/12/21

N2 - The formation of bars in disk galaxies is a tracer of the dynamical maturity of thepopulation. Previous studies have found that the incidence of bars in disks decreasesfrom the local Universe to z ∼ 1, and by z > 1 simulations predict that bar featuresin dynamically mature disks should be extremely rare. Here we report the discoveryof strong barred structures in massive disk galaxies at z ∼ 1.5 in deep rest-frameoptical images from CANDELS. From within a sample of 876 disk galaxies identifiedby visual classification in Galaxy Zoo, we identify 123 barred galaxies. Selecting a sub-sample within the same region of the evolving galaxy luminosity function (brighterthan L), we find that the bar fraction across the redshift range 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 2 (fbar =10.7+6.3−3.5% after correcting for incompleteness) does not significantly evolve.We discussthe implications of this discovery in the context of existing simulations and our currentunderstanding of the way disk galaxies have evolved over the last 11 billion years.

AB - The formation of bars in disk galaxies is a tracer of the dynamical maturity of thepopulation. Previous studies have found that the incidence of bars in disks decreasesfrom the local Universe to z ∼ 1, and by z > 1 simulations predict that bar featuresin dynamically mature disks should be extremely rare. Here we report the discoveryof strong barred structures in massive disk galaxies at z ∼ 1.5 in deep rest-frameoptical images from CANDELS. From within a sample of 876 disk galaxies identifiedby visual classification in Galaxy Zoo, we identify 123 barred galaxies. Selecting a sub-sample within the same region of the evolving galaxy luminosity function (brighterthan L), we find that the bar fraction across the redshift range 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 2 (fbar =10.7+6.3−3.5% after correcting for incompleteness) does not significantly evolve.We discussthe implications of this discovery in the context of existing simulations and our currentunderstanding of the way disk galaxies have evolved over the last 11 billion years.

KW - astro-ph.GA

KW - RCUK

KW - STFC

KW - ST/J500665/1 and ST/K502236/1 and ST/I001204/1

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stu1817

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stu1817

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 445

SP - 3466

EP - 3474

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred disks and bar fractions

Abstract

Keywords

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