Gaze+Hold: eyes-only direct manipulation with continuous gaze modulated by closure of one eye

Argenis Ramirez Ramirez Gomez; Christopher Clarke; Ludwig Sidenmark; Hans Gellersen

doi:10.1145/3448017.3457381

Gaze+Hold: eyes-only direct manipulation with continuous gaze modulated by closure of one eye

Argenis Ramirez Ramirez Gomez, Christopher Clarke, Ludwig Sidenmark, Hans Gellersen

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Abstract

The eyes are coupled in their gaze function and therefore usually treated as a single input channel, limiting the range of interactions. However, people are able to open and close one eye while still gazing with the other. We introduce Gaze+Hold as an eyes-only technique that builds on this ability to leverage the eyes as separate input channels, with one eye modulating the state of interaction while the other provides continuous input. Gaze+Hold enables direct manipulation beyond pointing which we explore through the design of Gaze+Hold techniques for a range of user interface tasks. In a user study, we evaluated performance, usability and user’s spontaneous choice of eye for modulation of input. The results show that users are effective with Gaze+Hold. The choice of dominant versus non-dominant eye had no effect on performance, perceived usability and workload. This is significant for the utility of Gaze+Hold as it affords flexibility for mapping of either eye in different configurations.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	ETRA ’21 Full Papers, ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications
Editors	Andreas Bulling, Anke Huckauf, Hans Gellersen, Daniel Weiskopf, Mihai Bace, Teresa Hirzle, Florian Alt, Thies Pfeiffer, Roman Bednarik, Krzysztof Krejtz
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery
Number of pages	12
ISBN (Print)	9781450383448
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1145/3448017.3457381
Publication status	Published - 25 May 2021
Event	ETRA 2021 Bridging Communities: ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications - Virtual Event, Germany Duration: 24 May 2021 → 27 May 2021

Conference

Conference	ETRA 2021 Bridging Communities
Country/Territory	Germany
Period	24/05/21 → 27/05/21

Keywords

gaze pointing
winks
design
direct manipulation
closing eyelids
gaze interaction
eye tracking

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10.1145/3448017.3457381

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3448017.3457381

Cite this

Ramirez Gomez, A. R., Clarke, C., Sidenmark, L., & Gellersen, H. (2021). Gaze+Hold: eyes-only direct manipulation with continuous gaze modulated by closure of one eye. In A. Bulling, A. Huckauf, H. Gellersen, D. Weiskopf, M. Bace, T. Hirzle, F. Alt, T. Pfeiffer, R. Bednarik, & K. Krejtz (Eds.), ETRA ’21 Full Papers, ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications Article 10 Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3448017.3457381

Ramirez Gomez, Argenis Ramirez ; Clarke, Christopher ; Sidenmark, Ludwig et al. / Gaze+Hold : eyes-only direct manipulation with continuous gaze modulated by closure of one eye. ETRA ’21 Full Papers, ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. editor / Andreas Bulling ; Anke Huckauf ; Hans Gellersen ; Daniel Weiskopf ; Mihai Bace ; Teresa Hirzle ; Florian Alt ; Thies Pfeiffer ; Roman Bednarik ; Krzysztof Krejtz. Association for Computing Machinery, 2021.

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title = "Gaze+Hold: eyes-only direct manipulation with continuous gaze modulated by closure of one eye",

abstract = "The eyes are coupled in their gaze function and therefore usually treated as a single input channel, limiting the range of interactions. However, people are able to open and close one eye while still gazing with the other. We introduce Gaze+Hold as an eyes-only technique that builds on this ability to leverage the eyes as separate input channels, with one eye modulating the state of interaction while the other provides continuous input. Gaze+Hold enables direct manipulation beyond pointing which we explore through the design of Gaze+Hold techniques for a range of user interface tasks. In a user study, we evaluated performance, usability and user{\textquoteright}s spontaneous choice of eye for modulation of input. The results show that users are effective with Gaze+Hold. The choice of dominant versus non-dominant eye had no effect on performance, perceived usability and workload. This is significant for the utility of Gaze+Hold as it affords flexibility for mapping of either eye in different configurations.",

keywords = "gaze pointing, winks, design, direct manipulation, closing eyelids, gaze interaction, eye tracking",

author = "{Ramirez Gomez}, {Argenis Ramirez} and Christopher Clarke and Ludwig Sidenmark and Hans Gellersen",

year = "2021",

month = may,

day = "25",

doi = "10.1145/3448017.3457381",

language = "English",

isbn = "9781450383448",

editor = "Andreas Bulling and Anke Huckauf and Hans Gellersen and Daniel Weiskopf and Mihai Bace and Teresa Hirzle and Florian Alt and Thies Pfeiffer and Roman Bednarik and Krzysztof Krejtz",

booktitle = "ETRA {\textquoteright}21 Full Papers, ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications",

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Ramirez Gomez, AR, Clarke, C, Sidenmark, L & Gellersen, H 2021, Gaze+Hold: eyes-only direct manipulation with continuous gaze modulated by closure of one eye. in A Bulling, A Huckauf, H Gellersen, D Weiskopf, M Bace, T Hirzle, F Alt, T Pfeiffer, R Bednarik & K Krejtz (eds), ETRA ’21 Full Papers, ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications., 10, Association for Computing Machinery, ETRA 2021 Bridging Communities, Germany, 24/05/21. https://doi.org/10.1145/3448017.3457381

Gaze+Hold: eyes-only direct manipulation with continuous gaze modulated by closure of one eye. / Ramirez Gomez, Argenis Ramirez; Clarke, Christopher; Sidenmark, Ludwig et al.
ETRA ’21 Full Papers, ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. ed. / Andreas Bulling; Anke Huckauf; Hans Gellersen; Daniel Weiskopf; Mihai Bace; Teresa Hirzle; Florian Alt; Thies Pfeiffer; Roman Bednarik; Krzysztof Krejtz. Association for Computing Machinery, 2021. 10.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

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T1 - Gaze+Hold

T2 - ETRA 2021 Bridging Communities

AU - Ramirez Gomez, Argenis Ramirez

AU - Clarke, Christopher

AU - Sidenmark, Ludwig

AU - Gellersen, Hans

PY - 2021/5/25

Y1 - 2021/5/25

N2 - The eyes are coupled in their gaze function and therefore usually treated as a single input channel, limiting the range of interactions. However, people are able to open and close one eye while still gazing with the other. We introduce Gaze+Hold as an eyes-only technique that builds on this ability to leverage the eyes as separate input channels, with one eye modulating the state of interaction while the other provides continuous input. Gaze+Hold enables direct manipulation beyond pointing which we explore through the design of Gaze+Hold techniques for a range of user interface tasks. In a user study, we evaluated performance, usability and user’s spontaneous choice of eye for modulation of input. The results show that users are effective with Gaze+Hold. The choice of dominant versus non-dominant eye had no effect on performance, perceived usability and workload. This is significant for the utility of Gaze+Hold as it affords flexibility for mapping of either eye in different configurations.

AB - The eyes are coupled in their gaze function and therefore usually treated as a single input channel, limiting the range of interactions. However, people are able to open and close one eye while still gazing with the other. We introduce Gaze+Hold as an eyes-only technique that builds on this ability to leverage the eyes as separate input channels, with one eye modulating the state of interaction while the other provides continuous input. Gaze+Hold enables direct manipulation beyond pointing which we explore through the design of Gaze+Hold techniques for a range of user interface tasks. In a user study, we evaluated performance, usability and user’s spontaneous choice of eye for modulation of input. The results show that users are effective with Gaze+Hold. The choice of dominant versus non-dominant eye had no effect on performance, perceived usability and workload. This is significant for the utility of Gaze+Hold as it affords flexibility for mapping of either eye in different configurations.

KW - gaze pointing

KW - winks

KW - design

KW - direct manipulation

KW - closing eyelids

KW - gaze interaction

KW - eye tracking

U2 - 10.1145/3448017.3457381

DO - 10.1145/3448017.3457381

M3 - Conference contribution

SN - 9781450383448

BT - ETRA ’21 Full Papers, ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

A2 - Bulling, Andreas

A2 - Huckauf, Anke

A2 - Gellersen, Hans

A2 - Weiskopf, Daniel

A2 - Bace, Mihai

A2 - Hirzle, Teresa

A2 - Alt, Florian

A2 - Pfeiffer, Thies

A2 - Bednarik, Roman

A2 - Krejtz, Krzysztof

PB - Association for Computing Machinery

Y2 - 24 May 2021 through 27 May 2021

ER -

Ramirez Gomez AR, Clarke C, Sidenmark L, Gellersen H. Gaze+Hold: eyes-only direct manipulation with continuous gaze modulated by closure of one eye. In Bulling A, Huckauf A, Gellersen H, Weiskopf D, Bace M, Hirzle T, Alt F, Pfeiffer T, Bednarik R, Krejtz K, editors, ETRA ’21 Full Papers, ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. Association for Computing Machinery. 2021. 10 doi: 10.1145/3448017.3457381

Gaze+Hold: eyes-only direct manipulation with continuous gaze modulated by closure of one eye

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Keywords

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