Abstract
Background/Aim: Contextual socio-economic factors have been associated with traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). However, evidence concerning the role of income inequality on TDIs in children is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between contextual income inequality over a 10-year period and TDIs in Brazilian children.
Subjects and Methods: The study population comprised a representative sample of 5027 children aged 12 years who participated in the Brazilian oral health survey in 2010. City-level Gini Index was used to measure contextual income inequality in the years 2000 and 2010, as well as the variation in income inequality between 2000 and 2010. Covariates were gender, ethnicity, family income, number of people per room and incisal overjet. Clinical examinations were used to assess TDIs. Multivariable multilevel ordered multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate cumulative Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals between income inequality and TDIs.
Results: The prevalence of children who had one tooth with TDI and two or more teeth with TDIs was 15.2% and 6.4%, respectively. The maxillary central and left lateral incisors were the teeth most affected by TDIs. Gini coefficient reduction between the years 2000 and 2010 decreased the odds of TDIs even after adjustment for demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and incisal overjet. The likelihood of more TDIs decreased 21% for each 0.05 unit decrease in the Gini coefficient between the years 2000 and 2010. Boys, brown skin colour, overcrowding and incisal overjet greater than 5 mm remained statistically associated with TDIs in the final model.
Conclusions: The decrease in income inequality over a 10-year period was inversely associated with TDIs among Brazilian children aged 12 years.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 375-382 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Dental Traumatology |
| Volume | 33 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| Early online date | 6 Jul 2017 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Oct 2017 |
Keywords
- children
- dental injuries
- dental trauma
- inequality
- social determinants of health
- socio-economic factors
Access to Document
- Income_inequality_and_TDIs_in_children_approved_version
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Vettore, MV, Efhima, S, Machuca, C, Lamarca, GA. Income inequality and traumatic dental injuries in 12‐year‐old children: A multilevel analysis. Dent Traumatol. 2017; 33: 375– 382, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12350. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.