Multiple images of a highly magnified supernova formed by an early-type cluster galaxy lens

Patrick L. Kelly; Steven A. Rodney; Tommaso Treu; Ryan J. Foley; Gabriel Brammer; Kasper B. Schmidt; Adi Zitrin; Alessandro Sonnenfeld; Louis-Gregory Strolger; Or Graur; Alexei V. Filippenko; Saurabh W. Jha; Adam G. Riess; Marusa Bradac; Benjamin J. Weiner; Daniel Scolnic; Matthew A. Malkan; Anja von der Linden; Michele Trenti; Jens Hjorth; Raphael Gavazzi; Adriano Fontana; Julian Merten; Curtis McCully; Tucker Jones; Marc Postman; Alan Dressler; Brandon Patel; S. Bradley Cenko; Melissa L. Graham; Bradley E. Tucker

doi:10.1126/science.aaa3350

Multiple images of a highly magnified supernova formed by an early-type cluster galaxy lens

Patrick L. Kelly, Steven A. Rodney, Tommaso Treu, Ryan J. Foley, Gabriel Brammer, Kasper B. Schmidt, Adi Zitrin, Alessandro Sonnenfeld, Louis-Gregory Strolger, Or Graur, Alexei V. Filippenko, Saurabh W. Jha, Adam G. Riess, Marusa Bradac, Benjamin J. Weiner, Daniel Scolnic, Matthew A. Malkan, Anja von der Linden, Michele Trenti, Jens HjorthRaphael Gavazzi, Adriano Fontana, Julian Merten, Curtis McCully, Tucker Jones, Marc Postman, Alan Dressler, Brandon Patel, S. Bradley Cenko, Melissa L. Graham, Bradley E. Tucker

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Abstract

In 1964, Refsdal hypothesized that a supernova whose light traversed multiple paths around a strong gravitational lens could be used to measure the rate of cosmic expansion. We report the discovery of such a system. In Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we have found four images of a single supernova forming an Einstein cross configuration around a redshift z=0.54 elliptical galaxy in the MACS J1149.6+2223 cluster. The cluster's gravitational potential also creates multiple images of the z=1.49 spiral supernova host galaxy, and a future appearance of the supernova elsewhere in the cluster field is expected. The magnifications and staggered arrivals of the supernova images probe the cosmic expansion rate, as well as the distribution of matter in the galaxy and cluster lenses.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1123-1126
Number of pages	4
Journal	Science
Volume	347
Issue number	6226
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa3350
Publication status	Published - 6 Mar 2015

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SN_HIGHLIGHT

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10.1126/science.aaa3350

1411.6009v3
This is the author’s version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science on 06.03.2015 Vol. 347, Issue 6226, DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa3350.
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Kelly, P. L., Rodney, S. A., Treu, T., Foley, R. J., Brammer, G., Schmidt, K. B., Zitrin, A., Sonnenfeld, A., Strolger, L.-G., Graur, O., Filippenko, A. V., Jha, S. W., Riess, A. G., Bradac, M., Weiner, B. J., Scolnic, D., Malkan, M. A., Linden, A. V. D., Trenti, M., ... Tucker, B. E. (2015). Multiple images of a highly magnified supernova formed by an early-type cluster galaxy lens. Science, 347(6226), 1123-1126. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa3350

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title = "Multiple images of a highly magnified supernova formed by an early-type cluster galaxy lens",

abstract = "In 1964, Refsdal hypothesized that a supernova whose light traversed multiple paths around a strong gravitational lens could be used to measure the rate of cosmic expansion. We report the discovery of such a system. In Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we have found four images of a single supernova forming an Einstein cross configuration around a redshift z=0.54 elliptical galaxy in the MACS J1149.6+2223 cluster. The cluster's gravitational potential also creates multiple images of the z=1.49 spiral supernova host galaxy, and a future appearance of the supernova elsewhere in the cluster field is expected. The magnifications and staggered arrivals of the supernova images probe the cosmic expansion rate, as well as the distribution of matter in the galaxy and cluster lenses. ",

keywords = "SN_HIGHLIGHT",

author = "Kelly, {Patrick L.} and Rodney, {Steven A.} and Tommaso Treu and Foley, {Ryan J.} and Gabriel Brammer and Schmidt, {Kasper B.} and Adi Zitrin and Alessandro Sonnenfeld and Louis-Gregory Strolger and Or Graur and Filippenko, {Alexei V.} and Jha, {Saurabh W.} and Riess, {Adam G.} and Marusa Bradac and Weiner, {Benjamin J.} and Daniel Scolnic and Malkan, {Matthew A.} and Linden, {Anja von der} and Michele Trenti and Jens Hjorth and Raphael Gavazzi and Adriano Fontana and Julian Merten and Curtis McCully and Tucker Jones and Marc Postman and Alan Dressler and Brandon Patel and Cenko, {S. Bradley} and Graham, {Melissa L.} and Tucker, {Bradley E.}",

note = "Published in the 6 March 2015 issue of Science; 17 pages, 7 figures, and 3 tables including Supplementary Materials",

year = "2015",

month = mar,

day = "6",

doi = "10.1126/science.aaa3350",

language = "English",

volume = "347",

pages = "1123--1126",

journal = "Science",

issn = "1095-9203",

publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",

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Kelly, PL, Rodney, SA, Treu, T, Foley, RJ, Brammer, G, Schmidt, KB, Zitrin, A, Sonnenfeld, A, Strolger, L-G, Graur, O, Filippenko, AV, Jha, SW, Riess, AG, Bradac, M, Weiner, BJ, Scolnic, D, Malkan, MA, Linden, AVD, Trenti, M, Hjorth, J, Gavazzi, R, Fontana, A, Merten, J, McCully, C, Jones, T, Postman, M, Dressler, A, Patel, B, Cenko, SB, Graham, ML & Tucker, BE 2015, 'Multiple images of a highly magnified supernova formed by an early-type cluster galaxy lens', Science, vol. 347, no. 6226, pp. 1123-1126. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa3350

TY - JOUR

T1 - Multiple images of a highly magnified supernova formed by an early-type cluster galaxy lens

AU - Kelly, Patrick L.

AU - Rodney, Steven A.

AU - Treu, Tommaso

AU - Foley, Ryan J.

AU - Brammer, Gabriel

AU - Schmidt, Kasper B.

AU - Zitrin, Adi

AU - Sonnenfeld, Alessandro

AU - Strolger, Louis-Gregory

AU - Graur, Or

AU - Filippenko, Alexei V.

AU - Jha, Saurabh W.

AU - Riess, Adam G.

AU - Bradac, Marusa

AU - Weiner, Benjamin J.

AU - Scolnic, Daniel

AU - Malkan, Matthew A.

AU - Linden, Anja von der

AU - Trenti, Michele

AU - Hjorth, Jens

AU - Gavazzi, Raphael

AU - Fontana, Adriano

AU - Merten, Julian

AU - McCully, Curtis

AU - Jones, Tucker

AU - Postman, Marc

AU - Dressler, Alan

AU - Patel, Brandon

AU - Cenko, S. Bradley

AU - Graham, Melissa L.

AU - Tucker, Bradley E.

N1 - Published in the 6 March 2015 issue of Science; 17 pages, 7 figures, and 3 tables including Supplementary Materials

PY - 2015/3/6

Y1 - 2015/3/6

N2 - In 1964, Refsdal hypothesized that a supernova whose light traversed multiple paths around a strong gravitational lens could be used to measure the rate of cosmic expansion. We report the discovery of such a system. In Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we have found four images of a single supernova forming an Einstein cross configuration around a redshift z=0.54 elliptical galaxy in the MACS J1149.6+2223 cluster. The cluster's gravitational potential also creates multiple images of the z=1.49 spiral supernova host galaxy, and a future appearance of the supernova elsewhere in the cluster field is expected. The magnifications and staggered arrivals of the supernova images probe the cosmic expansion rate, as well as the distribution of matter in the galaxy and cluster lenses.

AB - In 1964, Refsdal hypothesized that a supernova whose light traversed multiple paths around a strong gravitational lens could be used to measure the rate of cosmic expansion. We report the discovery of such a system. In Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we have found four images of a single supernova forming an Einstein cross configuration around a redshift z=0.54 elliptical galaxy in the MACS J1149.6+2223 cluster. The cluster's gravitational potential also creates multiple images of the z=1.49 spiral supernova host galaxy, and a future appearance of the supernova elsewhere in the cluster field is expected. The magnifications and staggered arrivals of the supernova images probe the cosmic expansion rate, as well as the distribution of matter in the galaxy and cluster lenses.

KW - SN_HIGHLIGHT

U2 - 10.1126/science.aaa3350

DO - 10.1126/science.aaa3350

M3 - Article

SN - 1095-9203

VL - 347

SP - 1123

EP - 1126

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 6226

ER -

Multiple images of a highly magnified supernova formed by an early-type cluster galaxy lens

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