TY - JOUR
T1 - Newtonian-like and anti-Newtonian universes
AU - Maartens, Roy
AU - Lesame, William M.
AU - Ellis, George F. R.
PY - 1998/4
Y1 - 1998/4
N2 - In an irrotational dust universe the locally free gravitational field is covariantly described by the gravito-electric and gravito-magnetic tensors Eab and Hab. In Newtonian theory Hab=0, and Eab is the tidal tensor. Newtonian-like dust universes in general relativity (i.e. with Hab=0 , often called `silent') have been shown to be inconsistent in general and unlikely to extend beyond the known spatially homogeneous or Szekeres examples. Furthermore, they are subject to a linearization instability. Here we show that `anti-Newtonian' universes, i.e. with purely gravito-magnetic field, so that Eab=0≠H, are also subject to severe integrability conditions. Thus these models are inconsistent in general. We show also that there are no anti-Newtonian spacetimes that are linearized perturbations of Robertson - Walker universes. The only Eab=0≠Hab solution known to us is not a dust solution, and we show that it is kinematically Gödel-like but dynamically unphysical.
AB - In an irrotational dust universe the locally free gravitational field is covariantly described by the gravito-electric and gravito-magnetic tensors Eab and Hab. In Newtonian theory Hab=0, and Eab is the tidal tensor. Newtonian-like dust universes in general relativity (i.e. with Hab=0 , often called `silent') have been shown to be inconsistent in general and unlikely to extend beyond the known spatially homogeneous or Szekeres examples. Furthermore, they are subject to a linearization instability. Here we show that `anti-Newtonian' universes, i.e. with purely gravito-magnetic field, so that Eab=0≠H, are also subject to severe integrability conditions. Thus these models are inconsistent in general. We show also that there are no anti-Newtonian spacetimes that are linearized perturbations of Robertson - Walker universes. The only Eab=0≠Hab solution known to us is not a dust solution, and we show that it is kinematically Gödel-like but dynamically unphysical.
U2 - 10.1088/0264-9381/15/4/021
DO - 10.1088/0264-9381/15/4/021
M3 - Article
VL - 15
SP - 1005
EP - 1017
JO - Classical and Quantum Gravity
JF - Classical and Quantum Gravity
SN - 0264-9381
IS - 4
ER -