NGO roles in achieving Transitional Justice for crimes against the Rohingya

This chapter explores the role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in relation to international Transitional Justice (TJ) mechanisms for the Rohingya. The role of NGOs in global justice is contested, with critical perspectives suggesting that NGOs can act as intermediaries of Western hegemony. Yet, they are also critical players in efforts to secure justice. Although previous research has examined the role of NGOs in peace-building efforts for the Rohingya, less attention was given to their engagement with TJ. This chapter analyses NGO work in relation to two important mechanisms relating to events in Myanmar: the case at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the investigation by the International Criminal Court (ICC). The analysis rests primarily on an extensive study and review of secondary sources regarding the current TJ processes. The chapter analyses statements and reports to examine how NGOs reconstruct and apply the concepts of TJ. Drawing on the theory of localization, this analysis reveals two main aspects of the role of NGOs: localizing international TJ norms for Rohingya groups, and identifying and promoting the interests of those groups at the ICC and ICJ. The chapter concludes that there are potential avenues for the ICC and ICJ to adjust their engagement with NGOs seeking justice and accountability so as to better resonate with the realities of the Rohingya.