Plant–soil modelling

Plant–soil models have been rapidly developing to address several of the world's growing needs (e.g. food security, climate change, and sustainable infrastructure). With the vast pool of literature available, this article provides a broad overview of the different modelling methodologies and techniques tailored for specific needs and expertise. We partition three categories of contemporary modelling methodologies: distribution based, architecture based, and image based. We overview the different modelling techniques employed for root growth, nutrient acquisition, and water uptake and designate modelling schemes for potential beneficiaries. Subsequently, we explore modelling work pertaining to root–soil mechanical interactions. We describe the mechanics associated with roots growing through soil and benefits provided by roots with respect to slope reinforcement. Lastly, we describe how these different models can enhance our understanding of fundamental problems.