@article{4aea9e79167444c3a48b25a2ea98cdc2,
title = "Repeated parallel losses of inflexed stamens in Moraceae: phylogenomics and generic revision of the tribe Moreae and the reinstatement of the tribe Olmedieae (Moraceae)",
abstract = "We present a densely sampled phylogenomic study of the mulberry tribe (Moreae, Moraceae), an economically important clade with a global distribution, revealing multiple losses of inflexed stamens, a character traditionally used to circumscribe Moreae. Inflexed stamens facilitate ballistic pollen release and are associated with wind pollination, and the results presented here suggest that losses of this character state may have evolved repeatedly in Moraceae. Neither Moreae nor several of its major genera (Morus, Streblus, Trophis) were found to be monophyletic. A revised system for a monophyletic Moreae is presented, including the reinstatement of the genera Ampalis, Maillardia, Taxotrophis, and Paratrophis, and the recognition of the new genus Afromorus. Pseudostreblus is reinstated and transferred to the Parartocarpeae, and Sloetiopsis is reinstated and transferred to the Dorstenieae. The tribe Olmedieae is reinstated, replacing the Castilleae, owing to the reinstatement of the type Olmedia and its exclusion from Moreae. Streblus s.str. is excluded from Moreae and transferred to the Olmedieae, which is characterized primarily by involucrate inflorescences without regard to stamen position. Nine new combinations are made.",
keywords = "Afromorus, Ampalis, Antiarideae, Bagassa, Castilleae, Maillardia, Milicia, Moraceae, Moreae, Morus, mulberry family, Olmedia, Olmedieae, Parartocarpeae, Paratrophis, Pseudostreblus, Sloetiopsis, Sorocea, Streblus, Taxotrophis, Trophis",
author = "Gardner, {Elliot M.} and Mira Garner and Robyn Cowan and Steven Dodsworth and Niroshini Epitawalage and Deby Arifiani and Sahromi and Baker, {William J.} and Felix Forest and Olivier Maurin and Zerega, {Nyree J.C.} and Monro, {Alexandre K.} and Hipp, {Andrew L.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the United States National Science Foundation (DBI award number 1711391, and DEB award numbers 0919119 and 1501373); the SYNTHESYS Project (http://www.synthesys.info/), which is financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 ?Capacities? Program; the National Parks Board of Singapore through a Flora of Singapore Fellowship and a Research Fellowship; grants from the Calleva Foundation and the Sackler Trust to the Plant & Fungal Trees of Life Project at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. We thank the Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics at the Field Museum of Natural History (Kevin Feldheim) for access to laboratory and sequencing facilities; Sandra Knapp, Jacek Wajer, and John McNeill for helpful consultation on nomenclatural issues; Wendy Clement for helpful comments on the circumscription of the Olmedieae; Juliet Williamson for the botanical illustrations included in Figures 8?13 and Nicholas Hind (K) for scanning and sending them to us; the Bogor Botanical Gardens, Singapore Botanic Gardens, and The Morton Arboretum for access to living collections; and the following herbaria for access to collections for examination and/or sampling: BKF, BM, BO, CAL, CLM, F, FTBG, IBSC, K, L, MIN, MO, NY, SAN, SAR, SING, SNP, and U. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the careful and enduring work of past scholars of Moraceae, in particular the late C.C. Berg and E.J.H. Corner. Funding Information: This work was supported by the United States National Science Foundation (DBI award number 1711391, and DEB award numbers 0919119 and 1501373); the SYNTHESYS Project ( http://www.synthesys.info/ ), which is financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 “Capacities” Program; the National Parks Board of Singapore through a Fellowship and a Research Fellowship; grants from the Calleva Foundation and the Sackler Trust to the Plant & Fungal Trees of Life Project at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. We thank the Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics at the Field Museum of Natural History (Kevin Feldheim) for access to laboratory and sequencing facilities; Sandra Knapp, Jacek Wajer, and John McNeill for helpful consultation on nomenclatural issues; Wendy Clement for helpful comments on the circumscription of the Olmedieae; Juliet Williamson for the botanical illustrations included in Figures 8–13 and Nicholas Hind (K) for scanning and sending them to us; the Bogor Botanical Gardens, Singapore Botanic Gardens, and The Morton Arboretum for access to living collections; and the following herbaria for access to collections for examination and/or sampling: BKF, BM, BO, CAL, CLM, F, FTBG, IBSC, K, L, MIN, MO, NY, SAN, SAR, SING, SNP, and U. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the careful and enduring work of past scholars of Moraceae, in particular the late C.C. Berg and E.J.H. Corner. Flora of Singapore Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 International Association for Plant Taxonomy.",
year = "2021",
month = oct,
day = "20",
doi = "10.1002/tax.12526",
language = "English",
volume = "70",
pages = "946--988",
journal = "Taxon",
issn = "0040-0262",
publisher = "International Association for Plant Taxonomy",
number = "5",
}