Review of applications of digital twins and Industry 4.0 for machining

Digital twins, as part of Industry 4.0, are critical for advanced smart manufacturing processes, including machining. Sensor systems in smart manufacturing allow for real-time tracking of all changes in the machining process as well as simulation of an object’s behavior in the real world. It can also intervene and correct any defects that may arise during the machining process. The current review covers basic concepts for machining processes for the first time in detail, including Big Data, the Internet of Things, product lifecycle management, continuous acquisition and lifecycle support, machine learning, digital twin prototypes, digital twin instances, digital twin aggregates, and digital twin environments. The review article examines digital twins for the most common machining processes, such as turning, milling, drilling, and grinding. This review also highlights the benefits and drawbacks, as well as the prospects for using digital twins in smart manufacturing.