Review of chromium (VI) apoptosis, cell-cycle-arrest, and carcinogenesis

A. Chiu; X. L. Shi; W. K. P. Lee; R. Hill; T. P. Wakeman; A. Katz; B. Xu; N. S. Dalal; J. D. Robertson; C. Chen; N. Chiu; L. Donehower

doi:10.1080/10590501.2010.504980

Review of chromium (VI) apoptosis, cell-cycle-arrest, and carcinogenesis

A. Chiu, X. L. Shi, W. K. P. Lee, R. Hill, T. P. Wakeman, A. Katz, B. Xu, N. S. Dalal, J. D. Robertson, C. Chen, N. Chiu, L. Donehower

Dalhousie University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Hexavalent chromium combines with glutathione in chloride intracellular channel carrier to form tetravalent and pentavalent chromium in plasma and organelle membranes. It also combines with NADH/NADPH to form pentavalent chromium in mitochondria. Tetravalent- and pentavalent- chromium (directly and indirectly) mediated DNA double strand breaks activate DNA damage signaling sensors: DNA-dependent-protein-kinase signals p53-dependent intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis, and ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and ataxia-telangiectasia-Rad3-related signal cell-arrest for DNA repair. Tetravalent chromium may be the most potent species since it causes DNA breaks and somatic recombination, but not apoptosis. Upon further failure of apoptosis and senescence/DNA-repair, damaged cells may become immortal with loss-of-heterozygosity and genetic plasticity.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	188-230
Number of pages	43
Journal	Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A
Volume	28
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2010.504980
Publication status	Published - 31 Aug 2010
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

chloride intracellular channel carrier
tetravalent chromium
pentavalent chromium
apoptosis
senescence
somatic recombination
genomic plasticity

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10.1080/10590501.2010.504980

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title = "Review of chromium (VI) apoptosis, cell-cycle-arrest, and carcinogenesis",

abstract = "Hexavalent chromium combines with glutathione in chloride intracellular channel carrier to form tetravalent and pentavalent chromium in plasma and organelle membranes. It also combines with NADH/NADPH to form pentavalent chromium in mitochondria. Tetravalent- and pentavalent- chromium (directly and indirectly) mediated DNA double strand breaks activate DNA damage signaling sensors: DNA-dependent-protein-kinase signals p53-dependent intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis, and ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and ataxia-telangiectasia-Rad3-related signal cell-arrest for DNA repair. Tetravalent chromium may be the most potent species since it causes DNA breaks and somatic recombination, but not apoptosis. Upon further failure of apoptosis and senescence/DNA-repair, damaged cells may become immortal with loss-of-heterozygosity and genetic plasticity.",

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author = "A. Chiu and Shi, {X. L.} and Lee, {W. K. P.} and R. Hill and Wakeman, {T. P.} and A. Katz and B. Xu and Dalal, {N. S.} and Robertson, {J. D.} and C. Chen and N. Chiu and L. Donehower",

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doi = "10.1080/10590501.2010.504980",

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journal = "Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Review of chromium (VI) apoptosis, cell-cycle-arrest, and carcinogenesis

AU - Chiu, A.

AU - Shi, X. L.

AU - Lee, W. K. P.

AU - Hill, R.

AU - Wakeman, T. P.

AU - Katz, A.

AU - Xu, B.

AU - Dalal, N. S.

AU - Robertson, J. D.

AU - Chen, C.

AU - Chiu, N.

AU - Donehower, L.

PY - 2010/8/31

Y1 - 2010/8/31

N2 - Hexavalent chromium combines with glutathione in chloride intracellular channel carrier to form tetravalent and pentavalent chromium in plasma and organelle membranes. It also combines with NADH/NADPH to form pentavalent chromium in mitochondria. Tetravalent- and pentavalent- chromium (directly and indirectly) mediated DNA double strand breaks activate DNA damage signaling sensors: DNA-dependent-protein-kinase signals p53-dependent intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis, and ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and ataxia-telangiectasia-Rad3-related signal cell-arrest for DNA repair. Tetravalent chromium may be the most potent species since it causes DNA breaks and somatic recombination, but not apoptosis. Upon further failure of apoptosis and senescence/DNA-repair, damaged cells may become immortal with loss-of-heterozygosity and genetic plasticity.

AB - Hexavalent chromium combines with glutathione in chloride intracellular channel carrier to form tetravalent and pentavalent chromium in plasma and organelle membranes. It also combines with NADH/NADPH to form pentavalent chromium in mitochondria. Tetravalent- and pentavalent- chromium (directly and indirectly) mediated DNA double strand breaks activate DNA damage signaling sensors: DNA-dependent-protein-kinase signals p53-dependent intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis, and ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and ataxia-telangiectasia-Rad3-related signal cell-arrest for DNA repair. Tetravalent chromium may be the most potent species since it causes DNA breaks and somatic recombination, but not apoptosis. Upon further failure of apoptosis and senescence/DNA-repair, damaged cells may become immortal with loss-of-heterozygosity and genetic plasticity.

KW - chloride intracellular channel carrier

KW - tetravalent chromium

KW - pentavalent chromium

KW - apoptosis

KW - senescence

KW - somatic recombination

KW - genomic plasticity

U2 - 10.1080/10590501.2010.504980

DO - 10.1080/10590501.2010.504980

M3 - Article

SN - 1059-0501

VL - 28

SP - 188

EP - 230

JO - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

IS - 3

ER -

Review of chromium (VI) apoptosis, cell-cycle-arrest, and carcinogenesis

Abstract

Keywords

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