Abstract
Freight transportation activities could potentially lead to detrimental effects on the natural and built environments and pose health risks. The importance of the present study is to consider demand and travel time uncertainty in green transport planning by proposing several robust optimization techniques; soft worst case, hard worst case and chance constraints. These techniques provide the most reliable solutions with very limited increase in the objective function related to fuel consumption and CO2-equivalent emissions.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 351-363 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment |
Volume | 51 |
Early online date | 23 Feb 2017 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Mar 2017 |
Keywords
- COe emissions
- Freight transportation
- Green vehicle routing
- Robust optimization