Small reactors, big reactions: Understanding public attitudes towards small modular reactors in the UK

Public acceptance of emerging energy technologies is vital for their successful deployment, yet little is currently known about attitudes toward Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) in the UK. The current study examined public opinion toward SMR deployment both in principle and at a local level using a cross-sectional online survey (N = 1006). Baseline awareness and self-claimed knowledge of SMRs were both low, but informed attitudes toward the technology were generally positive, with a preference for development in principle. Participants particularly valued SMRs for their advanced safety features and siting flexibility, as well as their small physical size, and ability to meet fluctuating electricity demand. Regression analyses revealed that general attitudes toward nuclear power, perceived benefits, trust in developers, personal and social norms and positive affect were positive predictors of support for SMRs. Negative affect negatively influenced support, with small negative effects of (a) climate concern and right-leaning political orientation at the local level; and (b) perceived risks for development in principle. The findings underscore the importance of transparent communication, trust-building, and meaningful community engagement to foster acceptance of SMRs, particularly in prospective host regions. Limitations include reliance on an online panel, hypothetical local siting scenarios and the promissory framing of SMRs used within the study. This suggests the need for future research with weighted sampling, real-world engagement contexts and more balanced or critical framing of the technology. The insights from this study can be used to help inform strategies for the responsible integration of SMRs into the UK energy mix.