Spatial patterns of a predator-prey model with cross diffusion

In this paper, spatial patterns of a Holling–Tanner predator-prey model subject to cross diffusion, which means the prey species exercise a self-defense mechanism to protect themselves from the attack of the predator are investigated. By using the bifurcation theory, the conditions of Hopf and Turing bifurcation critical line in a spatial domain are obtained. A series of numerical simulations reveal that the typical dynamics of population density variation is the formation of isolated groups, such as spotted, stripe-like, or labyrinth patterns. Our results confirm that cross diffusion can create stationary patterns, which enrich the finding of pattern formation in an ecosystem.