State-of-the-art fall detection techniques with emphasis on floor-based systems – A review

The Arthritis patients and aging population has challenged society to develop safer, independent living environ- ments. Falls, associated injuries, and delays in fall treatment are major causes of morbidity and death in older adults. Therefore, fall detection systems are fundamental to reducing fall risks and building safer environments. Designing fall detection systems is an emerging field of research. The development of the system relies on a sensing mechanism, processing unit, and communication to alert the emergency facilities. Each module is crucial in providing a cost-effective, accurate, reliable, and robust solution. Technological advancements in fall detection systems, particularly wearable and non-wearable devices, offer promising solutions. Wearable systems are prevalent due to their cost-effectiveness and ease of installation, but they can be unreliable if not worn consistently. Non-wearable systems, including smart flooring, provide continuous monitoring but are expensive and complex to maintain. This article reviews the development and deployment of fall detection technologies, examining their practical limitations and emphasizing floor-based detection systems as a viable solution for fostering independent living among older adults.