Strong spectral features from asymptotic giant branch stars in distant quiescent galaxies

Shiying Lu*, Emanuele Daddi*, Claudia Maraston*, Mark Dickinson, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Raphael Gobat, Alvio Renzini, Mauro Giavalisco, Micaela B. Bagley, Antonello Calabrò, Yingjie Cheng, Alexander de la Vega, Chiara D’Eugenio, David Elbaz, Steven L. Finkelstein, Carlos Gómez-Guijarro, Qiusheng Gu, Nimish P. Hathi, Marc Huertas-Company, Jeyhan S. KartaltepeAnton M. Koekemoer, Aurélien Henry, Yipeng Lyu, Benjamin Magnelli, Bahram Mobasher, Casey Papovich, Nor Pirzkal, R. Michael Rich, Sandro Tacchella, L. Y.Aaron Yung

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Dating the ages and weighting the stellar populations in galaxies are essential steps when studying galaxy formation through cosmic times. Evolutionary population synthesis models with different input physics are used for this purpose. Moreover, the contribution from the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) stellar phase, which peaks for intermediate-age 0.6–2 Gyr systems, has been debated for decades. Here we report the detection of strong cool-star signatures in the rest-frame near-infrared spectra of three young (~1 Gyr), massive (~1010 M) quiescent galaxies at large look-back time, z = 1–2, using JWST/NIRSpec. The coexistence of oxygen- and carbon-type absorption features, spectral edges and features from rare species, such as vanadium and possibly zirconium, reveal a strong contribution from TP-AGB stars. Population synthesis models with a significant TP-AGB contribution reproduce the observations better than those with a weak TP-AGB, which are commonly used. These findings call for revisions of published stellar population fitting results, as they point to populations with lower masses and younger ages and have further implications for cosmic dust production and chemical enrichment. New generations of improved models are needed, informed by these and future observations.

Original languageEnglish
JournalNature Astronomy
Early online date22 Oct 2024
DOIs
Publication statusEarly online - 22 Oct 2024

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