TFNet: point cloud Semantic Segmentation Network based on Triple feature extraction

Semantic segmentation of point clouds plays a crucial role in computer vision, with diverse applications in urban modelling, autonomous driving, and virtual reality. Despite its significance, many existing methods face challenges when dealing with large-scale datasets, such as (1) unclear or incomplete boundary segmentation and (2) poor performance on sparse objects. These limitations stem from inadequate local context extraction and insufficient handling of density variations, which hinder the accuracy and robustness of segmentation. To address these challenges, we propose TFNet, an end-to-end deep neural network specifically designed to enhance local geometric feature extraction and improve performance on density variations. TFNet introduces three key components: (1) Rotation-Invariant and Geometric Feature Extractor (RIGFE), which independently captures rotation-invariant and geometric features; (2) Annularly Convolutional Attention Pooling (ACAP), which leverages annular convolution for effective relational feature extraction in both feature and geometric spaces; and (3) Subgraph Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors (SGVLAD), which learns position- and scale-invariant point set features. Experimental evaluations on benchmark datasets, including S3DIS, Toronto-3D, and Nanning Power Grid, demonstrate that TFNet outperforms existing methods by effectively addressing these challenges. The results highlight its ability to deliver superior segmentation accuracy and robustness in diverse scenarios.