The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in regenerative medicine: current insights and challenges

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as a transformative tool capable of addressing critical challenges and improving outcomes in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This paper demonstrates how machine learning and data fusion predict stem cell activity and potency, improve cellular characterization, and optimize therapeutic design. It also highlights important uses of AI in tissue engineering and cell-based therapeutics. By enabling accurate, non-invasive, and quantitative examination of living cells, AI also advances microscopy and imaging, facilitating better decision-making and real-time monitoring. Using search criteria including artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, regenerative medicine, stem cells, and tissue engineering, the review was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A total of 71 articles were screened; 8 non-peer-reviewed sources, 5 conference abstracts, and 4 duplicates were excluded. The final dataset included 7 clinical studies, 6 preclinical investigations, 18 original research articles, and 23 review papers. AI techniques, datasets, performance indicators, and regeneration results were compiled in the extracted data. To summarize, AI speeds up the development of tissue engineering, minimizes trial-and-error experimentation, lowers research expenses, forecasts tissue interactions, and enhances scaffold and biomaterial design. Consequently, AI integration enhances stem cell-based treatments and regenerative approaches, underscoring the necessity of interdisciplinary cooperation and ongoing technical development.