The impact of psychosocial interventions on women with gynaecological cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Women affected by gynaecological cancers are at an increased risk of psychological distress, diminished psychological wellbeing and quality of life (QoL). This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesised the impact of psychosocial interventions on these three outcomes. A total of 23 studies (N = 3345 participants), including 19 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 4 non-randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs) were assessed using Cochrane RoB2 and ROBINS-I tools. Meta-regression random effect modelling analyses revealed reductions in psychological distress (p < .001) and improvements in psychological wellbeing (p = .003) and QoL (p < .001). Findings highlight the potential of interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and psychoeducation to complement multidisciplinary approaches addressing patients’ biopsychosocial needs. Psychoeducation's integration with other interventions enhanced patient self-management and coping. Multidisciplinary interventions demonstrated effects on outcomes related to body image and sexual health concerns. However, variability in study designs, intervention delivery, follow-up periods and high risk of bias underscore the need for robust research and standardised measures. Overall, the review reinforces the value of holistic, tailored interventions to meet the diverse needs of women affected by gynaecological cancers. Future research may consider refining intervention timing, delivery methods and cost-effectiveness while addressing disparities in access to ensure equitable care.