TY - JOUR
T1 - The three screen doors
T2 - Can marine "protected" areas be effective?
AU - Jameson, Stephen C.
AU - Tupper, Mark H.
AU - Ridley, Jonathon M.
PY - 2002/11
Y1 - 2002/11
N2 - The great majority of marine protected areas (MPAs) fail to meet their management objectives. So MPAs can be effective conservation tools, we recommend two paradigm shifts, the first related to how they are located and the second related to how they are managed. MPAs are unlikely to be effective if they are located in areas that are subject to numerous, and often uncontrollable, external stressors from atmospheric, terrestrial, and oceanic sources, all of which can degrade the environment and compromise protection. MPA effectiveness is also limited by low institutional and community capacity for management and inappropriate size with respect to ecological needs. In particular, the check list approach to management does not ensure that key threats are dealt with, or that management expenditures provide a quantifiable return. We recommend a business planning approach to MPA management, in which managers focus on the viability of the management system, i.e., the ability of the MPA to provide ecological goods and services to its target users over the long term.
AB - The great majority of marine protected areas (MPAs) fail to meet their management objectives. So MPAs can be effective conservation tools, we recommend two paradigm shifts, the first related to how they are located and the second related to how they are managed. MPAs are unlikely to be effective if they are located in areas that are subject to numerous, and often uncontrollable, external stressors from atmospheric, terrestrial, and oceanic sources, all of which can degrade the environment and compromise protection. MPA effectiveness is also limited by low institutional and community capacity for management and inappropriate size with respect to ecological needs. In particular, the check list approach to management does not ensure that key threats are dealt with, or that management expenditures provide a quantifiable return. We recommend a business planning approach to MPA management, in which managers focus on the viability of the management system, i.e., the ability of the MPA to provide ecological goods and services to its target users over the long term.
KW - Business planning
KW - Community capacity
KW - Index of biotic integrity
KW - Institutional capacity
KW - Management effectiveness
KW - Marine protected area
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0036853036&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/marine-pollution-bulletin/vol/44/issue/11
U2 - 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00258-8
DO - 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00258-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 12523516
AN - SCOPUS:0036853036
SN - 0025-326X
VL - 44
SP - 1177
EP - 1183
JO - Marine Pollution Bulletin
JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin
IS - 11
ER -