Transit-oriented development and travel behavior: examining the role of transit accessibility and parking availability in shaping mode choice preferences

Rapid urbanization has intensified transportation challenges in many metropolitan areas, increasing reliance on private vehicles and contributing to congestion and environmental concerns. Although transit-oriented development strategies aim to promote sustainable mobility by improving public transport accessibility, the behavioral mechanisms linking built environment characteristics to travel behavior remain insufficiently explored. This study examines the influence of transit accessibility (TA) and parking availability on mode choice preference and travel behavior. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted, and the data were analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling after validating the measurement constructs through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The results indicate that TA positively influences mode choice preferences, whereas parking availability negatively affects them. Furthermore, mode choice preferences significantly influence travel behavior, underscoring their mediating role between built environment factors and mobility outcomes. These findings provide empirical insights for urban planners seeking to promote sustainable transportation through enhanced TA and effective parking management strategies.