Typologies of transformation — visualizing different understandings of change for sustainability

Transformation as a concept is positioned as a solution to diverse societal and planetary crises; however, increasing diversity in the demands for transformation have led to different interpretations of how transformation should be achieved in practice. This article explores the results of a three-year mixed-methods study, which included a literature review, semi-structured expert and practitioner interviews, and two case studies of transformation in motion. Using inductive analytical processes, two distinct and often conflicting interpretations of transformation emerged, which this article positions as a typology of transformation to visually understand and delineate between interpretations of transformation. Bridging these polarised interpretations is challenging, although a significant portion of the interviewees identified the need for both understandings to be used in practice. It is argued that the lack of visibility regarding these different interpretations of transformation is a major barrier to implementing change in practice; without being clear of what personal definitions of transformation are at play, it is challenging to chart a path forward to create change. Being explicit regarding which interpretations of transformation are at play in varying demands for change will enable more efficient and effective communication, although significant research is needed to bridge these understandings.